2-8-19 test

Question 1

vinegar cup

Answer 1

Acetabul

Question 2

axis

Answer 2

Ax

Question 3

bud

Answer 3

Blast

Question 4

channel

Answer 4

Canal

Question 5

wrist

Answer 5

Carp

Question 6

break

Answer 6

Clast

Question 7

bar

Answer 7

Clav

Question 8

knob, knuckle

Answer 8

Condyl

Question 9

crow’s beak

Answer 9

Corac

Question 10

sieve

Answer 10

Cribir

Question 11

crest

Answer 11

Crist

Question 12

pit

Answer 12

Fov

Question 13

joint socket

Answer 13

Glen

Question 14

among

Answer 14

Inter

Question 15

inside

Answer 15

Intra

Question 16

thin plate

Answer 16

Lamell

Question 17

passage

Answer 17

Meat

Question 18

tooth

Answer 18

Odont

Question 19

make, produce

Answer 19

Pole

Question 20

How many bones are found in the human skeleton?

Answer 20

206

Question 21

Why do babies have more bones than adults?

Answer 21

Babies are born with 270 soft bones, many of which fuse together in the late teens

Question 22

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 22

• Supports body
• Gives shape to structures such as head, face, and limbs
• Protects organs like the heart and lungs
• Allows movement
• Produces blood cells
• Stores inorganic salts (minerals) like calcium and phosphorus which our bodies need for proper maintenance

Question 23

What two body systems interact to provide movement?

Answer 23

Muscles are connected to bones by tendons
Bones are connected to bones by ligaments
Where two bones meet one another is used called a joint or articulation

Question 24

How do muscles produce movement of a joint?

Answer 24

The muscles must be attached to two different bones involved in the joint. When the muscles contract, they pull the bones together and a bend occurs at the joint; when the muscles relax, the bones straighten out and the joint is no longer bent

Question 25

Give an example of the bones and muscles working together to cause bedding at a joint, then straightening at the joint

Answer 25

A contraction of the biceps coupled with a relaxing of the triceps produces a bend at the elbow. A contraction of the triceps coupled with a relaxation of the biceps produces a straight arm

Question 26

Where are blood cells produced?

Answer 26

In the red marrow of certain bones

Question 27

What are the two primary mineral salts stored in bone?

Answer 27

Calcium and phosphorus

Question 28

What results in the release of these two minerals from the bone when blood levels of them drop?

Answer 28

Hormones from the endocrine system

Question 29

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 29

Disease of the bone in which the bone mineral density is reduced, bone structure is disrupted, and proteins in bone are altered

Question 30

How does the axial skeleton differ from the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 30

• Axial skeleton: consists of the bones forming the axis of the body: head, neck, and trunk
• Appendicular skeleton: consists of the appendages and the bones (girdles) which anchor them to the axial skeleton

Question 31

Name and locate the major bones of the axial skeleton.

Answer 31

• Skull (8 cranial and 14 facial bones)
• Middle ear bones (malleus, incus, stapes)
• Hyoid bone (supports tongue, attached muscles that move tongue)
• Vertebral column bones (surround spinal cavity)
• Thoracic cage bones (surround thoracic cavity and include the ribs and sternum)

Question 32

Name and locate the major bones of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 32

Upper extremities (whole arm)
Pectoral girdle (clavicle and scapula)
Lower extremities (whole leg)
Pelvic girdle (coxal or hip bones made up of ilium, ischium, and pubis)

Question 33

List the five types of bone and give an example of each

Answer 33

Long bones (femur)
Short bones (tarsal)
Flat bones (parietal bone of head)
Irregular bones (vertebrae)
Sesamoid or round bones (patella)

Question 34

What are some characteristics of long bones? Where are they found?

Answer 34

Are longer than they are ide; have expanded ends called epiphysis (singular is epiphysis); shaft is called the diaphysis
Found in the upper and lower extremities

Question 35

Describe the epiphysis

Answer 35

Expanded ends of long bone
Articulate with other bones
Covered with hyaline cartilage
Have spongy bone inside so aren’t as strong as the diaphysis or shaft
The epiphysis closest to the trunk is the proximal epiphysis while the epiphysis farthest from the trunk is the distal epiphysis

Question 36

What are some characteristic of the diaphysis?

Answer 36

Enclosed by membrane called the periosteum
Wall is composed of compact bone which is hard, solid, strong, and resists compressional forces
Centrally- located medullary cavity (hollow chamber) has nerve fibers and blood vessels
Medullary cavity is lined with endosteum which forms bones
Marrow a soft connective tissue can also fill the medullary cavity in some bones
Is stronger than the epiphysis because it has a wall of a compact bone

Question 37

What are some characteristics of short bones? Where are they found?

Answer 37

Are short and cube-shaped so lengths and widths are roughly equal
Include bones found in the wrists and ankles

Question 38

What are some characteristics of flat bones? Where are they found?

Answer 38

Have broad surfaces for protection of organs and attachment of muscles
Include ribs, cranium, pectoral girdle

Question 39

What are some characteristics of irregular bones? Where are they found?

Answer 39

All bones not falling into previous categories

Include vertebrae and some skull bones

Question 40

What are some characteristics of sesamoid or round bones?

Answer 40

Small and nodular; embedded within tendons adjacent to joints
Include patella (knee cap)