Skeletal Tissue Flashcards
Holds bone to bone together
Ligaments
Hematopoiesis
Blood cell formation by red bone marrow (myeloid tissue)
Number of bones in the body
206
What shape bones are the femur, humerus, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula, metatarsal, metacarpals, and phalanges
Long Bones
What shape bones are the carpal and tarsal bones
Short Bones
What shape bones are the skull bones, scapula, ribs, and breast bones (sternum)
Flat Bones
What shape bones are the vertebrae and facial bones
Irregular Bones
What shape of bone is the patella
Sesamoid Bone
Shaft of long bones
Diaphysis
The ends of long bones and contains cancellous bone (spongy) Also where red marrow is stored
Epiphysis
Epiphyseal Plate
Growth plate that’s present in the epiphysis of long bones. It’s a cartilage layer that’s eventually replaced by bone
Thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular or joint surfaces of epiphysis
Articular Cartilage
Periosteum
Dense, White fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces. Contains bone forming and destroying cells for initial growth and repair.
Medullary Cavity
The tubelike hollow space in the diaphysis of a long bone. Contains yellow marrow
Endosteum
A thin fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity. Contains various types of bone cells
What kind of tissue is osseous tissue
Bone tissue (a type of connective tissue)
Osteoblasts
Build up bone, synthesize and release osteoids to build bone
Osteoclasts
Break down bone
Osteocytes
mature osteoblasts that have become trapped in a matrix. They’re bone cells
Myeloid Tissue
Bone Marrow
What does red bone marrow produce
Red blood cells
Which hormone increases blood Calcium levels and decrease bone calcium levels
Parathyroid Hormone
Which hormone decreases blood calcium levels and increases bone calcium levels
Calcitonin (thyroid gland)
What is Endochondral Ossification
Bone formation by cartilage
What is intramembranous Ossification
The formation of bone from within a fibrous membrane (a few flat bones form this way)
First stage of fracture healing
The formation of a fracture hematoma
2nd stage of bone healing
Internal and external bony callus forms: The hematoma organizes and develops a fibrin mesh and transforms into a soft mass of granulation tissue (inflammation) and new capillaries form
Most abundant and common type of cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage
What kind on cartilage covers articular surfaces, costal cartilage, and forms the cartilage rings in the trachea, bronchi of the lungs and tip of the nose
Hyaline Cartilage
What type of cartilage forms the external ear, epiglottis, eustachian tube, auditory tubes and the tubes that connect the middle ear and the nasal cavity
Elastic Cartilage
What type of cartilage is found in the pubic symphysis, in intervertebral disks, and near points of attachment of tendons to bones.
Fibrocartilage
Osteosarcoma
malignant tumor of skeletal tissue
Chondrosarcoma
Malignant tumor of hyaline cartilage
Osteoporosis
Increased bone porosity
Rickets
Demineralization of bones in children (bowing legs)
Osteomalacia
Demineralization of bones in adults
Paget Disease (Osteitis deformans)
Affects older adults and is characterized by rapid bone remodeling
Osteomyelitis
Bacterial infection of bone and marrow tissue (staphylococcus bacteria is the most common pathogen)
