Endocrine System

Question 1

All steroid hormones are derived from this molecule

Answer 1

Cholesterol (lipid soluble)

Question 2

What type of hormone are cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, and testosterone

Answer 2

Steriods

Question 3

“Master Gland”

Answer 3

Pituitary Gland

Question 4

Anterior lobe of the pituitary

Answer 4

Adenohypophysis

Question 5

Growth hormone

Answer 5

Anterior Pituitary gland (stimulates protein anabolism and other tissues to release hormones)

Question 6

Prolactin (PRL)

Answer 6

Anterior Pituitary Gland (Promotes the development of breasts during pregnancy)

Question 7

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer 7

Anterior Pituitary Gland (Stimulate thyroid growth and the release of the thyroids hormones)

Question 8

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Answer 8

Anterior Pituitary Gland (Stimulates normal growth of the cortex of the adrenal gland)

Question 9

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Answer 9

Anterior Pituitary Gland (Stimulates structures with the ovaries, release of a developing egg)

Question 10

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Answer 10

Stimulates the formation of the corpus luteum

Question 11

Posterior lobe of pituitary Gland

Answer 11

Neurohypophysis

Question 12

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 12

Posterior Pituitary Gland (Prevents the formation of large amounts of urine. Increased water absorption by blood)

Question 13

Oxytocin (OT)

Answer 13

Posterior Pituitary Gland (stimulates uterine contractions and causes milk ejection from breasts)

Question 14

What gland secrete melatonin

Answer 14

Pineal Gland

Question 15

What gland secrets the Thyroid Hormone (TH) and calcitonin

Answer 15

Thyroid Gland

Question 16

Two TH hormones

Answer 16

T4 (tetraiodothyronine, thyroxin) and T3 (triiodothyronine)

Question 17

T3 and T4 Hormone

Answer 17

Thyroid Gland (regulates metabolism levels)

Question 18

Calcitonin (CT)

Answer 18

Thyroid Hormone (Controls blood calcium levels by decreasing blood calcium which increases bone calcium)

Question 19

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Answer 19

Parathyroid Gland (Increases blood calcium levels which decreases bone calcium levels)

Question 20

Aldosterone

Answer 20

Adrenal Cortex (Maintains sodium reabsorption in the blood and therefore causes increased water retention)

Question 21

Cortisol

Answer 21

Adrenal Cortex (influences metabolism)

Question 22

Epinephrine

Answer 22

Adrenal Medulla (Adrenaline, promotes sympathetic division of the ANS)

Question 23

Norepinephrine

Answer 23

Adrenal Medulla (Adrenaline, promotes sympathetic division of the ANS)

Question 24

Composed of both endocrine and exocrine glands

Answer 24

Pancreas

Question 25

Pancreatic islets beta cells

Answer 25

Insulin (Decreases blood sugar levels)

Question 26

Pancreatic islets alpha cells

Answer 26

Glucagon (increases blood glucose levels)

Question 27

Thymosin and thymopoietin

Answer 27

Thymus Gland (development of the immune system)

Question 28

Acromegaly

Answer 28

Hypersecretion of Growth hormone (gradual enlargement of facial and extremity bones)

Question 29

Addison Disease

Answer 29

Hyposecretion of ACTH (pituitary Gland) increased metabolism, weight loss

Question 30

Cushing Disease

Answer 30

Hypersecretion of the ACTH (pituitary gland) decreased metabolism, increased weights

Question 31

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 31

Hyposecretion of ADH, increased urination and thirst (polyuria, polydipsia)

Question 32

Graves Disease

Answer 32

Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone (protruding eyes)

Question 33

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 33

Increased reabsorption of calcium from bone

Question 34

Simple Goiter

Answer 34

Lack of iodine, enlarged thyroid gland because of the inability to produce TH. Causes overproduction of TSH causing the thyroid to increase in size.

Question 35

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 35

Hyposecretion of insulin (requires insulin injections)

Question 36

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 36

intolerance to insulin