Physiology of a Cell Flashcards
Passive
Does not require any energy
Active
Requires metabolic energy (actively pulled)
Natural tendency for molecules to spread out evenly within a given space. Moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (Down a concentration Gradient)
Diffusion
Simple Diffusion
Movement from high to low concentration
Osmosis
Movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane that contains at least one impermeable substance.
Channel-mediated passive transport (Facilitated Diffusion)
Movement of particles from a high to low concentration through a channel in the membrane
Carrier-mediated passive transport (Facilitated Diffusion)
Movement of particles from a high to low concentration by the use of a carrier structure
Diffusion in which a selectively permeable membrane causes the separation of smaller particles from larger particles.
Dialysis
Hemodialysis
A Dialysis membrane is used to separate pt blood from clean dialysis fluid
Hypotonic Solution
Extracellular pressure is low so solution moves into the cell and causes it to expand (possible exploding)
Hypertonic
Extracellular pressure is high so solution is pulled out of the cell causing is to shrink and shrivel up
Isotonic
The intra and extracellular pressure is equal so there is and even exchange and no change in the cell.
The force or weight of a fluid pushing against a surface
Hydrostatic pressure
Movement of a molecule from high to low hydrostatic pressure (down hydrostatic pressure gradient)
Filtration
Movement from a low to high concentration (up the concentration gradient)
Active Transport
Moves particles up a concentration gradient
Membrane Pumps (ex. Ca+ pumps)
Endocytosis
Plasma membrane traps extracellular material and brings it into the cell (active transport)
Type of endocytosis that traps microorganisms and pinches off the form a capsule around particle with cell (cell eating)
Phagocytosis
Type of endocytosis the microorganism is dissolved before entering the cell (cell drinking)
Pinocytosis
Process in which large molecules notably proteins can leave the cell
Exocytosis
Catabolic
Breaking down large molecules into smaller ones
Anabolism
Builds up large complex molecules from smaller molecules
Regulates cell functions by regulating metabolic pathways. Take on the chemical properties of proteins.
Enzymes
Organization of DNA into two identical sets. Cell divides into two identical daughter cells
Mitosis
Type of cell division that only occurs in primitive sex cells
Meiosis
Increase in cell size
Hypertrophy
Decrease in cell size
Atrophy
Excessive cell reproduction
Hyperplasia
Cells fail to differentiate
Anaplasia
Abnormal change in shape, size or organization of cells
Dysplasia
Cell dies because of injury or pathological conditions. Causes nearby cells to die
Necrosis
Nonpathological cell death
Apoptosis
Disease in which Cl- channels in the plasma membrane are defective (CTFRs). Causes sweat, mucus and pancreatic juices to be very salty and thick.
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Disease that’s triggered by the cellular response to obesity. A reduction in the number of functioning membrane receptors of the hormone insulin, causing cells to become deprived of glucose
Type II diabetes mellitus
