Organization of the Body Flashcards
Cytology, Histology
The study of cells, The study of tissue
Eponyms
Terms based on a person’s name
Metabolism
The sum total of all the physical and chemical reactions occuring in the body
Levels of organization (body)
Chemical Level (atom, molecule) Organelle Level (Units within cells) Cellular Level (Cells [smallest functional unit]) Tissue Level (Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous) Organ Level (Made up of different kinds of tissue) System Level (Several organs working together) Organism Level (The entire system)
Ipsilateral
On the same side
Contralateral
On the opposite side
Body Cavities
Prietal Peritoneum
The membrane that lines the inside of the abdominal cavity
Visceral Peritoneum
Covers the organs within the abdominal cavity
Peritoneal Cavity
Space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
9 Abdominopelvic Regions
Superior, Inferior
Towards the head (upper), Towards the feet (lower)
Anterior (ventral), Posterior (dorsal)
Front (towards the belly), Back (towards the back)
Medial, lateral
Towards midline, Towards side
Proximal, Distal
Towards trunk (nearest from pt of origin), Away from trunk (farthest from pt of origin)
Superficial, Deep
Nearer the surface, Farther away from surface
Medullary, Cortical
Inner region of an organ, Outer region of an organ
Basal, Apical (apex)
Base (widest pt of an organ), Point (narrow tip on an organ)
Body Planes
Axial= Transverse Plane
Coronal= Frontal Plane
Somatotype
Body Type
Endomorph
Heavy, rounded physique, accumulation of fat in the trunk and thigh
Mesomorph
Muscular physique
Ectomorph
Thin, fragile physique with little body fat
Afferet
A signal is travaling towards a certain point
Efferent
A signal is traveling away from a given point
Negative Feedback
Inhibitory, create an opposite reaction to stabilize
Positive Feedback
Stimulatory, amplify and/or reinforce a reaction Ex. Oxytocin during uterine contractions
Signs, Symptoms
Objective abnormalities that can be seen and measured by others, Subjective abnormalities only felt by the patient
Syndrome
Collection of different signs and syndroms that occur together
Acute
Sudden onset for a short duration
Chronic
Develop slowly and last for a long duration
Etiology
The study of diseases
Idiopathic
Diseases with unknown causes
Communicable
Diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another
Endemic
A disease native to a local region
Epidemic
Spread of a disease in a short period of time
Pandemic
Epidemics that effect a large geographic area
