Chemical Basis of Life

Question 1

Four Elements that make up 96% of the Body

Answer 1

Oxygen (65%), Carbon (18.5%), Hydrogen (9.5%), Nitrogen (3.3%)

Question 2

All matter is composed of?

Answer 2

Atoms

Question 3

Positively charged within an atoms nucleus

Answer 3

Protons (+)

Question 4

Uncharged within an atoms nucleus

Answer 4

Neutrons (o)

Question 5

Negatively charged outside of an atoms nucleus

Answer 5

Electrons (-)

Question 6

What is the number of protons in an element known as?

Answer 6

The atomic number

Question 7

What is the number of protons plus number of neutrons known as?

Answer 7

The atomic weight

Question 8

Atoms of the same element that contain the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons

Answer 8

Isotopes

Question 9

The strong electrostatic force that binds the positively and negatively charged ions together

Answer 9

Ionic Bonds

Question 10

A chemical bond formed by sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer energy evils of two atoms

Answer 10

Covalent Bonds

Question 11

The four major elements of the body almost always have what type of bond

Answer 11

Covalent

Question 12

Type of weaker bond that does’t form new molecules and result from unequal charge distribution (polar)

Answer 12

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 13

All chemical reactions that occur in the body cells

Answer 13

Metabolism

Question 14

Hydrolysis reactions (breakdown of larger food molecules into smaller chemical units to release energy)

Answer 14

Catabolism

Question 15

Dehydration Synthesis (build larger and more complex chemical molecules from smaller subunits. Requires energy (adenosine triphosphate ATP)

Answer 15

Anabolism

Question 16

Two types of compounds that make of living organisms

Answer 16

Organic and Inorganic Compounds

Question 17

Composed of C-C of C-H covalent bonds

Answer 17

Organic Compounds

Question 18

Compounds that don’t contain C-C or C-H bonds and rarely contain Carbon atoms

Answer 18

Inorganic Compounds

Question 19

Acid, Bases ans Salts that dissociates in solutions to form charged particles (ions)

Answer 19

Electrolytes

Question 20

Positively charged ions

Answer 20

cations

Question 21

Negatively charged ions

Answer 21

anions

Question 22

Any substance that’s release a hydrogen ion (proton donors) (-1-6)

Answer 22

Acids

Question 23

Any substance accept a hydrogen ion (proton acceptor) (8-15)

Answer 23

Bases (alkaline)

Question 24

Hemostatic mechanisms that minimize changes in the concentration of H and OH

Answer 24

Buffers

Question 25

Glucose, Ribose, and Glycogen and contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (starches and sugars)

Answer 25

Carbohydrates

Question 26

Water insoluble molecules (fats)

Answer 26

Lipids

Question 27

Amino Acids

Answer 27

Proteins