Skeletal Terms Flashcards
any place where two bones meet
articulation
What are the four types of bones?
long, short, flat, and irregular
examples of long bones
fibula, tibia, femur, humerus, ulna, radius, metatarsals, metacarpals, phalanges, ribs
examples of short bones
cuboid, carpals, tarsals
examples of flat bones
scapula, frontal, parietal
examples of irregular bones
ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital
process of producing blood cells in the red bone marrow
hematopoiesis
What are the four functions of the skeletal system?
hematopoiesis, structure, movement, and mineral storage
bone that forms the forehead
frontal
bones that form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium
parietal
bone that forms the posterior floor and walls of the cranium
occipital
bones that form the lower sides and floor of the cranium
temporal
bone that forms part of the base of the skull and sides of the orbit
sphenoid
bony socket that surrounds and protects the eyeball
orbit
bone that forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, orbit, and floor of the cranium
ethmoid
three tiny bones in each ear
auditory ossicles
ossicle also known as the hammer
malleus
ossicle also known as the anvil
incus
ossicle also know as the stirrup
stapes
cheekbones
zygomatic
bones that form the upper bridge of the nose
nasal bones
forms the upper jaw
maxilla
form part of the hard palate and floor of the nose
palatine bones
suture between the frontal bone and the parietal bones
coronal suture
suture between the parietal bones and the temporal bones
squamosal suture
suture between the parietal bones and the occipital bone
lambdoidal suture
form part of the orbit at the inner angle of the eye
lacrimal bones
thin bones that form the interior of the nose
inferior nasal conchae
forms the base of the nasal septum
vomer
jawbone
mandible
joint at which the mandible is attached to the skull
temporomandibular joint
How many pairs of ribs are true ribs?
7
How many pairs of ribs are false ribs?
3
How many pairs of ribs are floating ribs?
2
ribs that are attached anteriorly to the sternum
true ribs
ribs that are attached anteriorly to cartilage connected with the sternum
false ribs
ribs that are only attached posteriorly
floating ribs
breastbone
sternum
upper part of the sternum
manubrium
middle part of the sternum
body of the sternum
cartilage structure that forms the lower portion of the sternum
xiphoid process
collar bone
clavicle
shoulder blade
scapula
extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder
acromion process
upper arm bone
humerus
smaller and shorter bone of the forearm
radius
longer and thinner bone of the forearm
ulna
process on the upper ulna that forms the point of the elbow and exposes a nerve that tingles when struck
olecranon process
small bones of the wrist
carpals
Name the 8 carpals.
scaphoid, pisiform, lunate, hamate, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
How many carpals are there on each hand?
8
form the palm of the hand
metacarpals
bones that form the fingers
phalanges
How many phalanges are on each hand?
14
How many phalanges are on each thumb?
2
How many phalanges are on each finger (except the thumb)?
3
How many vertebrae on on the spinal column (not including sacrum and coccyx) ?
24
bony structure units of the spinal column
vertebrae
solid anterior portion of a vertebra
body of the vertebra
posterior portion of the vertebra
lamina
opening in the middle of the vertebra that allows the spinal cord to pass through
vertebral foramen
vertebrae in the neck
cervical vertebrae
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
vertebrae that have ribs attached
thoracic vertebrae
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
vertebrae that form the inward curve of the lower spine
lumbar vertebrae
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
triangular bone near the base of the spine composed of fused vertebrae
sacrum
How many vertebrae are fused together in the sacrum?
3 to 5
tailbone
coccyx
How many vertebrae are fused together in the coccyx?
4
cartilage disks that separate and cushion the vertebrae
intervertebral disks
broad blade-shaped portion of the pelvis
ilium
part of the pelvis that bears weight while sitting
ischium
part of the pelvis located just posterior to the urinary bladder
pubis
hip socket
acetabulum
thigh bone, largest bone in the body
femur
kneecap
patella
pertaining to the posterior space behind the knee
popliteal
ligaments that make movement of the knee possible
cruciate ligaments
larger bone of the lower leg
tibia
smaller bone of the lower leg
fibula
rounded process on each side of the ankle
malleolus
anklebone that articulates with the tibia and fibula
talus
heel bone
calcaneus
bones that form the middle part of the foot
metatarsals
bones of the toes
phalanges
first cervical vertebra
atlas
second cervical vertebra
axis
pulling on a limb to return the bone to its original position
traction
attach bone to bone
ligament
enlarged terminal ends of a long bone
epiphysis
part of a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis, contains cartilage allowing the bone to grow; disappears at adulthood
metaphysis
elongated hollow central part of the long bone
diaphysis
thin membrane that covers the outer surface of bones
periosteum
thin cartilage that covers the epiphyses of articulating bones
articular cartilage
vascular membrane that lines the inner surface of bones
endosteum
hollow space in the bone filled with marrow
medullary cavity
bone cell
osteocyte
central canal in the osteon which contains a blood vessel
osteonic canal
What are the functional units of bones?
osteons
cylindrical structures consisting of concentric layers; only found in compact bone
osteons
bone-forming cell
osteoblast
bone-destroying cell
osteoclast
small space in bone tissue containing an osteocyte
lacuna
small canals radiating in all directions from lacunae, allowing osteocytes to communicate with each other
cannaliculi
horizontal canals between osteons which contain a nerve and a blood vessel
Volkmann’s canals
knob-like epiphysis of the femur
greater trochanter
concentric rings in osteons
lamellae
light, porous bone found near joints
spongy bone
disconnected pieces of the skull found in infants
fontanels
marrow that contains fat
yellow marrow
marrow that produces blood cells
red marrow
hard bone beneath periosteum found near the middle of bones
compact bone
big toe
hallux
thumb
pollux
