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Viewmont HOSA Bowl Juniors > Skeletal Terms > Flashcards

Skeletal Terms Flashcards

1
Q

any place where two bones meet

A

articulation

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2
Q

What are the four types of bones?

A

long, short, flat, and irregular

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3
Q

examples of long bones

A

fibula, tibia, femur, humerus, ulna, radius, metatarsals, metacarpals, phalanges, ribs

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4
Q

examples of short bones

A

cuboid, carpals, tarsals

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5
Q

examples of flat bones

A

scapula, frontal, parietal

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6
Q

examples of irregular bones

A

ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital

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7
Q

process of producing blood cells in the red bone marrow

A

hematopoiesis

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8
Q

What are the four functions of the skeletal system?

A

hematopoiesis, structure, movement, and mineral storage

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9
Q

bone that forms the forehead

A

frontal

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10
Q

bones that form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium

A

parietal

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11
Q

bone that forms the posterior floor and walls of the cranium

A

occipital

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12
Q

bones that form the lower sides and floor of the cranium

A

temporal

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13
Q

bone that forms part of the base of the skull and sides of the orbit

A

sphenoid

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14
Q

bony socket that surrounds and protects the eyeball

A

orbit

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15
Q

bone that forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, orbit, and floor of the cranium

A

ethmoid

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16
Q

three tiny bones in each ear

A

auditory ossicles

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17
Q

ossicle also known as the hammer

A

malleus

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18
Q

ossicle also known as the anvil

A

incus

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19
Q

ossicle also know as the stirrup

A

stapes

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20
Q

cheekbones

A

zygomatic

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21
Q

bones that form the upper bridge of the nose

A

nasal bones

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22
Q

forms the upper jaw

A

maxilla

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23
Q

form part of the hard palate and floor of the nose

A

palatine bones

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24
Q

suture between the frontal bone and the parietal bones

A

coronal suture

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25
Q

suture between the parietal bones and the temporal bones

A

squamosal suture

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26
Q

suture between the parietal bones and the occipital bone

A

lambdoidal suture

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27
Q

form part of the orbit at the inner angle of the eye

A

lacrimal bones

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28
Q

thin bones that form the interior of the nose

A

inferior nasal conchae

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29
Q

forms the base of the nasal septum

A

vomer

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30
Q

jawbone

A

mandible

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31
Q

joint at which the mandible is attached to the skull

A

temporomandibular joint

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32
Q

How many pairs of ribs are true ribs?

A

7

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33
Q

How many pairs of ribs are false ribs?

A

3

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34
Q

How many pairs of ribs are floating ribs?

A

2

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35
Q

ribs that are attached anteriorly to the sternum

A

true ribs

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36
Q

ribs that are attached anteriorly to cartilage connected with the sternum

A

false ribs

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37
Q

ribs that are only attached posteriorly

A

floating ribs

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38
Q

breastbone

A

sternum

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39
Q

upper part of the sternum

A

manubrium

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40
Q

middle part of the sternum

A

body of the sternum

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41
Q

cartilage structure that forms the lower portion of the sternum

A

xiphoid process

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42
Q

collar bone

A

clavicle

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43
Q

shoulder blade

A

scapula

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44
Q

extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder

A

acromion process

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45
Q

upper arm bone

A

humerus

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46
Q

smaller and shorter bone of the forearm

A

radius

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47
Q

longer and thinner bone of the forearm

A

ulna

48
Q

process on the upper ulna that forms the point of the elbow and exposes a nerve that tingles when struck

A

olecranon process

49
Q

small bones of the wrist

A

carpals

50
Q

Name the 8 carpals.

A

scaphoid, pisiform, lunate, hamate, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

51
Q

How many carpals are there on each hand?

A

8

52
Q

form the palm of the hand

A

metacarpals

53
Q

bones that form the fingers

A

phalanges

54
Q

How many phalanges are on each hand?

A

14

55
Q

How many phalanges are on each thumb?

A

2

56
Q

How many phalanges are on each finger (except the thumb)?

A

3

57
Q

How many vertebrae on on the spinal column (not including sacrum and coccyx) ?

A

24

58
Q

bony structure units of the spinal column

A

vertebrae

59
Q

solid anterior portion of a vertebra

A

body of the vertebra

60
Q

posterior portion of the vertebra

A

lamina

61
Q

opening in the middle of the vertebra that allows the spinal cord to pass through

A

vertebral foramen

62
Q

vertebrae in the neck

A

cervical vertebrae

63
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

64
Q

vertebrae that have ribs attached

A

thoracic vertebrae

65
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

66
Q

vertebrae that form the inward curve of the lower spine

A

lumbar vertebrae

67
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

68
Q

triangular bone near the base of the spine composed of fused vertebrae

A

sacrum

69
Q

How many vertebrae are fused together in the sacrum?

A

3 to 5

70
Q

tailbone

A

coccyx

71
Q

How many vertebrae are fused together in the coccyx?

A

4

72
Q

cartilage disks that separate and cushion the vertebrae

A

intervertebral disks

73
Q

broad blade-shaped portion of the pelvis

A

ilium

74
Q

part of the pelvis that bears weight while sitting

A

ischium

75
Q

part of the pelvis located just posterior to the urinary bladder

A

pubis

76
Q

hip socket

A

acetabulum

77
Q

thigh bone, largest bone in the body

A

femur

78
Q

kneecap

A

patella

79
Q

pertaining to the posterior space behind the knee

A

popliteal

80
Q

ligaments that make movement of the knee possible

A

cruciate ligaments

81
Q

larger bone of the lower leg

A

tibia

82
Q

smaller bone of the lower leg

A

fibula

83
Q

rounded process on each side of the ankle

A

malleolus

84
Q

anklebone that articulates with the tibia and fibula

A

talus

85
Q

heel bone

A

calcaneus

86
Q

bones that form the middle part of the foot

A

metatarsals

87
Q

bones of the toes

A

phalanges

88
Q

first cervical vertebra

A

atlas

89
Q

second cervical vertebra

A

axis

90
Q

pulling on a limb to return the bone to its original position

A

traction

91
Q

attach bone to bone

A

ligament

92
Q

enlarged terminal ends of a long bone

A

epiphysis

93
Q

part of a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis, contains cartilage allowing the bone to grow; disappears at adulthood

A

metaphysis

94
Q

elongated hollow central part of the long bone

A

diaphysis

95
Q

thin membrane that covers the outer surface of bones

A

periosteum

96
Q

thin cartilage that covers the epiphyses of articulating bones

A

articular cartilage

97
Q

vascular membrane that lines the inner surface of bones

A

endosteum

98
Q

hollow space in the bone filled with marrow

A

medullary cavity

99
Q

bone cell

A

osteocyte

100
Q

central canal in the osteon which contains a blood vessel

A

osteonic canal

101
Q

What are the functional units of bones?

A

osteons

102
Q

cylindrical structures consisting of concentric layers; only found in compact bone

A

osteons

103
Q

bone-forming cell

A

osteoblast

104
Q

bone-destroying cell

A

osteoclast

105
Q

small space in bone tissue containing an osteocyte

A

lacuna

106
Q

small canals radiating in all directions from lacunae, allowing osteocytes to communicate with each other

A

cannaliculi

107
Q

horizontal canals between osteons which contain a nerve and a blood vessel

A

Volkmann’s canals

108
Q

knob-like epiphysis of the femur

A

greater trochanter

109
Q

concentric rings in osteons

A

lamellae

110
Q

light, porous bone found near joints

A

spongy bone

111
Q

disconnected pieces of the skull found in infants

A

fontanels

112
Q

marrow that contains fat

A

yellow marrow

113
Q

marrow that produces blood cells

A

red marrow

114
Q

hard bone beneath periosteum found near the middle of bones

A

compact bone

115
Q

big toe

A

hallux

116
Q

thumb

A

pollux

Viewmont HOSA Bowl Juniors (33 decks)

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