Cardiovascular System Conditions/Procedures Flashcards
Blocks ACE enzyme, as well as angiotensin II, which lowers blood pressure
ACE inhibitor
decrease in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
anemia
ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall
aneurysm
surgical removal of an aneurysm
aneurysmectomy
surgical suturing of an aneurysm
aneurysmorrhaphy
inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel
angiitis (angitis) (vasculitis)
chest pain of cardiac origin
angina pectoris
study of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium
angiography
surgical repair of a vessel
angioplasty
insertion of a catheter with an attached camera to visualize a structure or vessel
angioscopy
narrowing of a blood vessel
angiostenosis
used to control irregularities in heartbeat
antiarrhythmic
drug or chemical used to prevent blood from clotting
anticoagulant
lowers blood pressure
antihypertensive
narrowing of the aortic valve opening
aortic stenosis
process of recording the aorta after the injection of a dye
aortography
reduced red blood cell count due to red bone marrow disorders
aplastic anemia
abnormal heart rhythm
arrhythmia
surgical removal of part of an artery
arteriectomy
hardening of the arteries
arteriosclerosis
electronic device that can be attached externally or implanted internally that helps to regulate the heartbeat
artificial pacemaker
recommended to reduce the risk of heart attack by slightly thinning the blood
aspirin
removal of plaque
atherectomy
fatty deposit or plaque within the arterial wall
atheroma
form of arteriosclerosis marked by calcium deposits in the arterial linings
atherosclerosis
electrical impulses move randomly throughout the atria, causing the atria to quiver instead of contracting with a normal rhythm
atrial fibrillation
machine that analyzes a patient’s cardiac rhythm and delivers an electric shock if indicated
automated external defibrillator
inflammation of the lining of the valves of the heart caused by bacteria in the bloodstream
bacterial endocarditis
reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the heartbeat
beta blocker
any pathological condition of the cellular elements of the blood
blood dyscrasia
abnormally slow heartbeat
bradycardia
cause the heart and blood vessels to relax by decreasing the movement of calcium into the cells; reduces the workload of the heart
calcium channel blocker agents
heart and breathing stop suddenly and without warning
cardiac arrest
flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery
cardiac catheterization
compression of the heart to an increase of fluid in the pericardium
cardiac tamponade
blood test used to measure the level of a protein that is released in the blood when myocardial cells die
cardiac troponin
physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the heart
cardiologist
abnormal enlargement of the heart
cardiomegaly
disease of the heart muscle
cardiomyopathy
emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and cardiac compressions
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
inflammation of the valves of the heart
cardiovalvulitis
another name for defibrillation, causing the heart to return to normal rhythm
cardioversion
inflammation of the heart
carditis
is the removal of fatty plaque from the carotid artery
carotid endartectomy
type of fat made by the body from saturated fat
cholesterol
inadequate venous return over a prolonged period
chronic venous insufficiency
process of clotting blood
coagulation
narrowing of the aorta causing hypertension, ventricular strain, and ischemia
coarctation of the aorta
condition in which the heart in unable to pump out all the blood it receives
congestive heart failure
thalassemia that requires treatment with regular blood transfusions
Cooley’s anemia
procedure in which a piece of vein is removed from the leg and implanted on the heart to replace a blocked coronary artery
coronary artery bypass graft
blockage of a coronary vessel often leading to a myocardial infaraction
coronary occulsion
the closing off of a vessel that feeds the heart muscle by a stationary clot or thrombus
coronary thrombosis
condition of having a thrombus attached to the wall of a deep vein
deep vein thrombosis
application of an electric shock to the myocardium through the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm
defibrillation
combines angiography with computerized components to remove tissue and bones from the images
digital subtraction angiography
strengthens contraction of the heart muscle, slows the heart rate, and helps eliminate fluid from body tissues
digitalis
substance that causes an increased production of urine
diuretic
technique used to measure the velocity of blood flow
doppler sonography
diagnostic procedure to image structures of blood vessels and flow of blood through the vessels
duplex ultrasound
recording of the electrical activity of the heart
electrocardiogram
noninvasive process of recording the electrical activity of the heart
electrocardiography
enlargement of the lower extremities due to blockage of limp vessels commonly caused by filarial worms (filariae)
elephantiasis
surgical removal of an embolus or blood clot, usually with the catheter
embolectomy
blockage of a vessel by a clot or foreign material circulating through the blood
embolism
foreign object circulating in the blood
embolus
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
endocarditis
red blood cells
erythrocytes
rapid, regular contractions of the atria and ventricles
flutter
abnormal heart sound heard when listening to the heart, caused by defective valves
heart murmur
benign tumor made of newly formed blood vessels
hemangioma
physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the blood
hematologist
disorder in which the intestine absorb too much iron, which accumulates in organs and causes damage
hemochromatosis
iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen
hemoglobin
anemia caused by the destruction and underproduction of RBC’s.
hemolytic anemia
loss of a large amount of blood in a short time
hemorrhage
control of bleeding
hemostasis
portable electrocardiograph that is worn by a patient to monitor heart rates over 24 hours
Holter monitor
excess amount of cholesterol and other fats in the blood
hyperlipidemia
high blood pressure
hypertension
deficiency of blood passing through a body part
hypoperfusion
low blood pressure
hypotension
double-action pacemaker which regulates the heartbeat and acts as an automatic defibrillator
implantable cardioverter defibrillator
area of dead tissue caused by lack of blood
infarct
sudden insufficiency of blood
infarction
cramping of the lower leg muscles usually caused by lack of blood flow
intermittent claudication
most common anemia, caused by insufficiency of iron in the diet
iron-deficiency anemia
condition in which therir is an insufficient oxygen supply due to restricted blood flow to a part of the body
ischemia
a group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart
ischemic heart disease
causes accumulation of fluid in the lungs because the left side is not pumping blood efficiently
left-sided heart failure (pulmonary edema)
malignant blood condition of white cells
leukemia
white blood cells
leukocytes
deficiency of white blood cells
leukopenia
excision of a lymph node
lymphadenectomy
disease of a lymph node
lymphadenopathy
incision into a lymph node
lymphadenotomy
edema due to a blocked lymph node or vessel
lymphedema
MRI of the heart and blood vessels with an injection of a dye
magnetic resonance angiography
characterized by very high blood pressure; can be fatal; usually accompanied by damage to organs
malignant hypertension
a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal
megaloblastic anemia
alternative procedure for bypass patients performed with the aid of a fiber optic camera
minimally invasive coronary artery bypass (keyhole bypass)
backward movement of the mitral valve cusps allowing for regurgitation
mitral valve prolapse
abnormal heart sound
murmur
group of bone marrow disorders that are characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow
myelodysplastic syndrome
heart attack
myocardial infarction
inflammation of the myocardium
myocarditis
vasodilator prescribed to relieve the pain of angina
nitroglycerin
total blockage
occlusion
decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural changes from lying to sitting or standing positions
orthostatic hypotension
pounding or racing heart with or without irregularity in rhythm
palpitation
periods of very rapid, regular heart beats originating in the atrioventricular node.
paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
procedure in which a small balloon on the end of a catheter is used to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flattening the plaque
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
passing of blood through an organ or body part
perfusion
inflammation of the pericardium the causes an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac
pericarditis
double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart
pericardium
impaired circulation to the extremities and vital organs causes changes in skin color and temperature
peripheral arterial occlusive disease
disorders of blood vessels outside the heart and brain
peripheral vascular diseases
caused by dietary deficiency of vitamin B12 or the loss of the intrinsic factor from the lining of the stomach
pernicious anemia
inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
radiographic test that provides an image of the leg veins after a contrast dye is injected
phlebography (venography)
removal of whole blood from the body and separation into the cellular elements
plasmapheresis
form on angiitis involving several arteries at the same time
polyarteritis
abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood
polycythemia
consistently elevated blood pressure of unknown cause
primary hypertension
episodes of abrupt, progressive tricolor change of the fingers in response to cold
Raynaud’s phenomenon
condition in which an artery that has been open by angioplasty closes again
restenosis
causes accumulation of fluid beginning the feet and legs because the right side is not pumping efficiently
right-sided heart failure
high blood pressure caused by another medical problem, such as a kidney disorder
secondary hypertension
growth of bacteria in the blood
septicemia
abnormal shape of erythrocytes
sickle cell anemia
lower cholesterol levels in the blood
statins
wire-mesh tube that is placed in after an artery is opened, provides support to the artery walls
stent
performed to assess cardiovascular health during and after stress
stress test
abnormally fast heart rate
tachycardia
inherited blood disorder that cause mild to severe anemia and fewer red blood cells that normal
thalassemia
performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise
thallium stress test
deficiency of clotting cells
thrombocytopenia
abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the blood
thrombocytosis
drug that breaks up a thrombus or clot
thrombolytic
inflammation of a vein formation of a clot
thrombophlebitis
condition of having a non-moving blood clot
thrombosis
blocking of an artery by a thrombus
thrombotic occlusion
blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein (doesn’t move)
thrombus
thrombolytic administered to some patients having a stroke or heart attack, can dissolve damaging blood clots
tissue plasminogen activator
complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood do not match
transfusion reaction
surgical repair of a valve
valvoplasty
abnormal protrusion of a valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely
valvular prolapse
condition in which there is a narrowing, stiffening, thickening, or blockage of a valve of the heart
valvular stenosis
inflammation of a heart valve
valvulitis
abnormally swollen veins usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs
varicose veins
physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of blood vessels
vascular surgeon
causes blood vessels to narrow
vasoconstrictor
causes blood vessels to widen
vasodilator
disorganized, ineffective twitching of the ventricles
ventricular fibrillation
condition in which the heartbeat is rapid, ventricular tachycardia may not allow the heart’s chambers to fill with enough blood between beats to produce blood flow sufficient to meet the body’s needs
ventricular tachycardia
anticoagulant administered to prevent clots from forming or growing larger
warfarin
