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Viewmont HOSA Bowl Juniors > Cardiovascular System Conditions/Procedures > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Conditions/Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

Blocks ACE enzyme, as well as angiotensin II, which lowers blood pressure

A

ACE inhibitor

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2
Q

decrease in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

A

anemia

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3
Q

ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall

A

aneurysm

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4
Q

surgical removal of an aneurysm

A

aneurysmectomy

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5
Q

surgical suturing of an aneurysm

A

aneurysmorrhaphy

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6
Q

inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel

A

angiitis (angitis) (vasculitis)

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7
Q

chest pain of cardiac origin

A

angina pectoris

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8
Q

study of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium

A

angiography

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9
Q

surgical repair of a vessel

A

angioplasty

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10
Q

insertion of a catheter with an attached camera to visualize a structure or vessel

A

angioscopy

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11
Q

narrowing of a blood vessel

A

angiostenosis

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12
Q

used to control irregularities in heartbeat

A

antiarrhythmic

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13
Q

drug or chemical used to prevent blood from clotting

A

anticoagulant

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14
Q

lowers blood pressure

A

antihypertensive

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15
Q

narrowing of the aortic valve opening

A

aortic stenosis

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16
Q

process of recording the aorta after the injection of a dye

A

aortography

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17
Q

reduced red blood cell count due to red bone marrow disorders

A

aplastic anemia

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18
Q

abnormal heart rhythm

A

arrhythmia

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19
Q

surgical removal of part of an artery

A

arteriectomy

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20
Q

hardening of the arteries

A

arteriosclerosis

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21
Q

electronic device that can be attached externally or implanted internally that helps to regulate the heartbeat

A

artificial pacemaker

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22
Q

recommended to reduce the risk of heart attack by slightly thinning the blood

A

aspirin

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23
Q

removal of plaque

A

atherectomy

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24
Q

fatty deposit or plaque within the arterial wall

A

atheroma

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25
Q

form of arteriosclerosis marked by calcium deposits in the arterial linings

A

atherosclerosis

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26
Q

electrical impulses move randomly throughout the atria, causing the atria to quiver instead of contracting with a normal rhythm

A

atrial fibrillation

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27
Q

machine that analyzes a patient’s cardiac rhythm and delivers an electric shock if indicated

A

automated external defibrillator

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28
Q

inflammation of the lining of the valves of the heart caused by bacteria in the bloodstream

A

bacterial endocarditis

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29
Q

reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the heartbeat

A

beta blocker

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30
Q

any pathological condition of the cellular elements of the blood

A

blood dyscrasia

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31
Q

abnormally slow heartbeat

A

bradycardia

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32
Q

cause the heart and blood vessels to relax by decreasing the movement of calcium into the cells; reduces the workload of the heart

A

calcium channel blocker agents

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33
Q

heart and breathing stop suddenly and without warning

A

cardiac arrest

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34
Q

flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery

A

cardiac catheterization

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35
Q

compression of the heart to an increase of fluid in the pericardium

A

cardiac tamponade

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36
Q

blood test used to measure the level of a protein that is released in the blood when myocardial cells die

A

cardiac troponin

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37
Q

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the heart

A

cardiologist

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38
Q

abnormal enlargement of the heart

A

cardiomegaly

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39
Q

disease of the heart muscle

A

cardiomyopathy

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40
Q

emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and cardiac compressions

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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41
Q

inflammation of the valves of the heart

A

cardiovalvulitis

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42
Q

another name for defibrillation, causing the heart to return to normal rhythm

A

cardioversion

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43
Q

inflammation of the heart

A

carditis

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44
Q

is the removal of fatty plaque from the carotid artery

A

carotid endartectomy

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45
Q

type of fat made by the body from saturated fat

A

cholesterol

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46
Q

inadequate venous return over a prolonged period

A

chronic venous insufficiency

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47
Q

process of clotting blood

A

coagulation

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48
Q

narrowing of the aorta causing hypertension, ventricular strain, and ischemia

A

coarctation of the aorta

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49
Q

condition in which the heart in unable to pump out all the blood it receives

A

congestive heart failure

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50
Q

thalassemia that requires treatment with regular blood transfusions

A

Cooley’s anemia

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51
Q

procedure in which a piece of vein is removed from the leg and implanted on the heart to replace a blocked coronary artery

A

coronary artery bypass graft

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52
Q

blockage of a coronary vessel often leading to a myocardial infaraction

A

coronary occulsion

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53
Q

the closing off of a vessel that feeds the heart muscle by a stationary clot or thrombus

A

coronary thrombosis

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54
Q

condition of having a thrombus attached to the wall of a deep vein

A

deep vein thrombosis

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55
Q

application of an electric shock to the myocardium through the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm

A

defibrillation

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56
Q

combines angiography with computerized components to remove tissue and bones from the images

A

digital subtraction angiography

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57
Q

strengthens contraction of the heart muscle, slows the heart rate, and helps eliminate fluid from body tissues

A

digitalis

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58
Q

substance that causes an increased production of urine

A

diuretic

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59
Q

technique used to measure the velocity of blood flow

A

doppler sonography

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60
Q

diagnostic procedure to image structures of blood vessels and flow of blood through the vessels

A

duplex ultrasound

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61
Q

recording of the electrical activity of the heart

A

electrocardiogram

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62
Q

noninvasive process of recording the electrical activity of the heart

A

electrocardiography

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63
Q

enlargement of the lower extremities due to blockage of limp vessels commonly caused by filarial worms (filariae)

A

elephantiasis

64
Q

surgical removal of an embolus or blood clot, usually with the catheter

A

embolectomy

65
Q

blockage of a vessel by a clot or foreign material circulating through the blood

A

embolism

66
Q

foreign object circulating in the blood

A

embolus

67
Q

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

A

endocarditis

68
Q

red blood cells

A

erythrocytes

69
Q

rapid, regular contractions of the atria and ventricles

A

flutter

70
Q

abnormal heart sound heard when listening to the heart, caused by defective valves

A

heart murmur

71
Q

benign tumor made of newly formed blood vessels

A

hemangioma

72
Q

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the blood

A

hematologist

73
Q

disorder in which the intestine absorb too much iron, which accumulates in organs and causes damage

A

hemochromatosis

74
Q

iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen

A

hemoglobin

75
Q

anemia caused by the destruction and underproduction of RBC’s.

A

hemolytic anemia

76
Q

loss of a large amount of blood in a short time

A

hemorrhage

77
Q

control of bleeding

A

hemostasis

78
Q

portable electrocardiograph that is worn by a patient to monitor heart rates over 24 hours

A

Holter monitor

79
Q

excess amount of cholesterol and other fats in the blood

A

hyperlipidemia

80
Q

high blood pressure

A

hypertension

81
Q

deficiency of blood passing through a body part

A

hypoperfusion

82
Q

low blood pressure

A

hypotension

83
Q

double-action pacemaker which regulates the heartbeat and acts as an automatic defibrillator

A

implantable cardioverter defibrillator

84
Q

area of dead tissue caused by lack of blood

A

infarct

85
Q

sudden insufficiency of blood

A

infarction

86
Q

cramping of the lower leg muscles usually caused by lack of blood flow

A

intermittent claudication

87
Q

most common anemia, caused by insufficiency of iron in the diet

A

iron-deficiency anemia

88
Q

condition in which therir is an insufficient oxygen supply due to restricted blood flow to a part of the body

A

ischemia

89
Q

a group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart

A

ischemic heart disease

90
Q

causes accumulation of fluid in the lungs because the left side is not pumping blood efficiently

A

left-sided heart failure (pulmonary edema)

91
Q

malignant blood condition of white cells

A

leukemia

92
Q

white blood cells

A

leukocytes

93
Q

deficiency of white blood cells

A

leukopenia

94
Q

excision of a lymph node

A

lymphadenectomy

95
Q

disease of a lymph node

A

lymphadenopathy

96
Q

incision into a lymph node

A

lymphadenotomy

97
Q

edema due to a blocked lymph node or vessel

A

lymphedema

98
Q

MRI of the heart and blood vessels with an injection of a dye

A

magnetic resonance angiography

99
Q

characterized by very high blood pressure; can be fatal; usually accompanied by damage to organs

A

malignant hypertension

100
Q

a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal

A

megaloblastic anemia

101
Q

alternative procedure for bypass patients performed with the aid of a fiber optic camera

A

minimally invasive coronary artery bypass (keyhole bypass)

102
Q

backward movement of the mitral valve cusps allowing for regurgitation

A

mitral valve prolapse

103
Q

abnormal heart sound

A

murmur

104
Q

group of bone marrow disorders that are characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow

A

myelodysplastic syndrome

105
Q

heart attack

A

myocardial infarction

106
Q

inflammation of the myocardium

A

myocarditis

107
Q

vasodilator prescribed to relieve the pain of angina

A

nitroglycerin

108
Q

total blockage

A

occlusion

109
Q

decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural changes from lying to sitting or standing positions

A

orthostatic hypotension

110
Q

pounding or racing heart with or without irregularity in rhythm

A

palpitation

111
Q

periods of very rapid, regular heart beats originating in the atrioventricular node.

A

paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

112
Q

procedure in which a small balloon on the end of a catheter is used to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flattening the plaque

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

113
Q

passing of blood through an organ or body part

A

perfusion

114
Q

inflammation of the pericardium the causes an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac

A

pericarditis

115
Q

double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

A

pericardium

116
Q

impaired circulation to the extremities and vital organs causes changes in skin color and temperature

A

peripheral arterial occlusive disease

117
Q

disorders of blood vessels outside the heart and brain

A

peripheral vascular diseases

118
Q

caused by dietary deficiency of vitamin B12 or the loss of the intrinsic factor from the lining of the stomach

A

pernicious anemia

119
Q

inflammation of a vein

A

phlebitis

120
Q

radiographic test that provides an image of the leg veins after a contrast dye is injected

A

phlebography (venography)

121
Q

removal of whole blood from the body and separation into the cellular elements

A

plasmapheresis

122
Q

form on angiitis involving several arteries at the same time

A

polyarteritis

123
Q

abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood

A

polycythemia

124
Q

consistently elevated blood pressure of unknown cause

A

primary hypertension

125
Q

episodes of abrupt, progressive tricolor change of the fingers in response to cold

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon

126
Q

condition in which an artery that has been open by angioplasty closes again

A

restenosis

127
Q

causes accumulation of fluid beginning the feet and legs because the right side is not pumping efficiently

A

right-sided heart failure

128
Q

high blood pressure caused by another medical problem, such as a kidney disorder

A

secondary hypertension

129
Q

growth of bacteria in the blood

A

septicemia

130
Q

abnormal shape of erythrocytes

A

sickle cell anemia

131
Q

lower cholesterol levels in the blood

A

statins

132
Q

wire-mesh tube that is placed in after an artery is opened, provides support to the artery walls

A

stent

133
Q

performed to assess cardiovascular health during and after stress

A

stress test

134
Q

abnormally fast heart rate

A

tachycardia

135
Q

inherited blood disorder that cause mild to severe anemia and fewer red blood cells that normal

A

thalassemia

136
Q

performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise

A

thallium stress test

137
Q

deficiency of clotting cells

A

thrombocytopenia

138
Q

abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the blood

A

thrombocytosis

139
Q

drug that breaks up a thrombus or clot

A

thrombolytic

140
Q

inflammation of a vein formation of a clot

A

thrombophlebitis

141
Q

condition of having a non-moving blood clot

A

thrombosis

142
Q

blocking of an artery by a thrombus

A

thrombotic occlusion

143
Q

blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein (doesn’t move)

A

thrombus

144
Q

thrombolytic administered to some patients having a stroke or heart attack, can dissolve damaging blood clots

A

tissue plasminogen activator

145
Q

complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood do not match

A

transfusion reaction

146
Q

surgical repair of a valve

A

valvoplasty

147
Q

abnormal protrusion of a valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely

A

valvular prolapse

148
Q

condition in which there is a narrowing, stiffening, thickening, or blockage of a valve of the heart

A

valvular stenosis

149
Q

inflammation of a heart valve

A

valvulitis

150
Q

abnormally swollen veins usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs

A

varicose veins

151
Q

physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of blood vessels

A

vascular surgeon

152
Q

causes blood vessels to narrow

A

vasoconstrictor

153
Q

causes blood vessels to widen

A

vasodilator

154
Q

disorganized, ineffective twitching of the ventricles

A

ventricular fibrillation

155
Q

condition in which the heartbeat is rapid, ventricular tachycardia may not allow the heart’s chambers to fill with enough blood between beats to produce blood flow sufficient to meet the body’s needs

A

ventricular tachycardia

156
Q

anticoagulant administered to prevent clots from forming or growing larger

A

warfarin

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