Skeletal System: Readings

Question 1

True or False:

In the wrist area, the radius and ulna are perfectly parallel

Answer 1

False, the radius rotates around the ulna

Question 2

Which type of wrist fracture causes the “dinner fork” deformity

Answer 2

Colles fracture

Question 3

In the ED, why are splints preferred over casts?

Answer 3

Splints don’t impede edema

Question 4

What’s the major risk factor for wrist fractures in elders?

Answer 4

Osteoporosis

Question 5

The most common fracture in the U.S.?

Answer 5

Distal radius

Question 6

What’s the common cause of wrist fractures in female elders?

Answer 6

Falls from standing height

Question 7

Most common cause for wrist fractures

Answer 7

Falling on outstretched hand

Question 8

The pattern of wrist at Impact time is determined by

Answer 8

Degree of radial and ulnar deviation and weight

Question 9

True or False:

Wrist fractures decrease in women at the age of 50

Answer 9

False, they increase at the age of 50

Question 10

Which carpal bone is fractured most frequently?

Answer 10

Scaphoid

Question 11

Hyperextension and ulnar deviation at the time of injury is the main cause of…

Answer 11

Triquetrum

Question 12

A common wrist fracture in young people experiencing high velocity trauma

Answer 12

Smith fracture

Question 13

Diagnosis of most DRF-associated ligament injuries require…

Answer 13

Magnetic resonance imaging

Question 14

What is the main problem of a scaphoid fracture?

Answer 14

It often goes undiagnosed and can lead to avascular necrosis

Question 15

What’s the purpose of placing a pneumatic tourniquet on the wrist during surgery?

Answer 15

To create a bloodless surgical field

Question 16

The most common anesthesia for wrist surgery

Answer 16

A regional block

Question 17

What nerve is commonly entrapped in a Colles fracture?

Answer 17

Median nerve

Question 18

What are the classifications of osteomyelitis?

Answer 18

Acute or chronic

Question 19

What group of patients are at the highest risk for osteomyelitis?

Answer 19

Patients with diabetes

Question 20

What classification system is used to describe osteomyelitis?

Answer 20

Waldvogel classification system

Question 21

What do the Waldvogel classification system divide the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis into?

Answer 21

Hematogenous
Contiguous
Vascular insufficiency

Question 22

The definitive diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis is made by…

Answer 22

Bone biopsy

Question 23

What makes the diagnosis of osteomyelitis difficult in patients with diabetes?

Answer 23

Vascular changes and neuropathy

Question 24

What kind of joint is the wrist

Answer 24

Gliding

Question 25

What's the cornerstone of chronic osteomyelitis treatment?

Answer 25

surgical debridement plus parental antibiotics

Question 26

What does HBO stand for and what is used for?

Answer 26

Hyperbaric oxygen is used as an adjunct to treat chronic osteomyelitis

Question 27

Whats the most definitive prevention of osteomyelitis when the patient has diabetes?

Answer 27

- Smoking cessation - Blood sugar control - weight loss

Question 28

What is the probe-to-bone test?

Answer 28

Palpating the bone using a metal probe

Question 29

The common bacterial cause of acute osteomyelitis is...

Answer 29

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 30

What is fibromyalgia?

Answer 30

a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas

Question 31

Who does fibromyalgia affect?

Answer 31

- any age from children to elderly | - 6% of the U.S. population

Question 32

What causes fibromyalgia?

Answer 32

Has no unknown cause but it might be stress or sleep disturbances

Question 33

Is fibromyalgia bilateral or unilateral?

Answer 33

Bilateral

Question 34

What's needed in order to diagnose fibromyalgia?

Answer 34

- Pain for at least three months | - Pain must be bilaterally and in all four quadrants

Question 35

Does fibromyalgia have a cure?

Answer 35

No, you can take medication to help the symptoms and pain, exercises, and education on the disease

Question 36

Where does Rheumatoid Arthritis come from(orginate)?

Answer 36

Unknown origin

Question 37

Autoimmunity

Answer 37

Misdirect immune response that occurs when the immune system attacks it's own body

Question 38

Genetic Predisposition

Answer 38

Increased likelihood of developing a particular disease based on the patient's genetic makeup

Question 39

Which areas of the body is affected by | Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Answer 39

Adjacent bone and articular cartilage which can erode away the cartilage and damage the joint and replacing the pannus with fibrous connective tissue to grow and immobilizing the patient

Question 40

Three things that helps with pain of Rheumatoid?

Answer 40

* Heart Therapy- avoidance of physical and emotional stress * Cold Application- lessens inflammation * ROM- (maintaining)Range of Motion * Psychological Support * Medications-Pain killers, help with inflammation