Endocrine System Flashcards
1
Q
Aden/o
A
Gland, glandular
2
Q
Adren/al
Adren/o
A
Relating to the adrenal gland
3
Q
Calc/i
A
Relating to calcium
4
Q
Cortic/o
A
Cortex
5
Q
End/o
A
Within, inner
6
Q
Gluc/o
A
Glucose
7
Q
Glyc/o
A
Sugar
8
Q
Hypo
A
Below
9
Q
Lacti
Lacto
A
Milk
10
Q
Mel/i
Mel/o
A
Honey, sugar
11
Q
Myx/o
A
Mucus
12
Q
Pancre/a
Pancre/o
A
Involving the pancreas
13
Q
Para
A
Alongside, near
14
Q
- phage
- phagia
- phagy
A
Eating
15
Q
Thyr/o
Thyr/eo
A
Thyroid gland
16
Q
Toc/o
A
Child birth
17
Q
-tropic
A
Having an affinity for
18
Q
Endocrine system
A
Composed of glands and organs that secrete hormones directly into the blood to ensure long-term regulation and internal balance (homeostasis)
19
Q
Gland
A
An organized group of cells that function as secreting or excreting organs
20
Q
Secretion
A
Process by which substance are produced and discharged from a gland for a particular physiological function
21
Q
Excretion
A
Separating materials from the blood to be eliminated as waste
22
Q
Hormones
A
Chemical substances formed in a gland and transported to a target cell to produce its effect
23
Q
Target cell
A
Cell that responds to a particular hormone
24
Q
Pituitary gland
A
Master gland that orchestrates endocrine function
Aka: hypophysis
25
Anterior pituitary gland
Part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones
| Aka: adenohypophysis
26
Acro
Extreme
27
Hypothalamus
Area of the brain that secretes releasing hormones and is involved with regulating temperature, thirst, and hunger
28
Thyroid gland
Bilobed-butterfly shape; inferior to larynx; anterior to trachea
29
Thyroxine
(T4) a hormone from the thyroid. Controls metabolism
| Aka: tetraiodothyronine
30
Calcitonin
Thyroid hormone that lowers calcium ion levels
31
Parathyroid gland
Four glands embedded into the posterior surface of the thyroid
32
Parathyroid hormone
PTH. Hormone that increases blood calcium ion levels
33
Pancreas
Odd shaped gland between stomach and small intestine that controls insulin levels
34
Pancreatic islets
The endocrine cells of the pancreas that secrete hormones
35
Glucagon
Pancreatic hormone that increases blood glucose levels
36
Insulin
Pancreatic hormone that decreases blood glucose levels
37
Adrenal glands
Pyramid shaped gland over each kidney
38
Adrenal cortex
Outer portion of adrenal glands
39
Adrenal medulla
Inner portion adrenal glands
40
Aldosterone
Adrenal cortex hormone that regulates salt and water balance
41
Cortisol
Adrenal cortex hormone that has anti-inflammatory effects; hydrocortisone
42
Androgens
Supplement sex hormones produced by adrenal cortex
43
Epinephrine
Also known as adrenaline or norepinephrine. Adrenal medulla hormone involved in the fight-or-flight response
44
Pineal gland
Pine cone shaped gland, uppermost in brain, attached to the thalamus
45
Melatonin
Hormone secreted by pineal gland that is responsible for circadian rhythms and sexual menstruation
46
Thymus
Gland posterior to sternum
47
Thymosins
Group of hormones from the thymus gland involved in the development of immune system cells(T cells)
48
Endocrine
Secreting within bloodstream; ductless
49
Exocrine
Secrete outside the body
| Ex) sweat
50
Gonads
Referring to both male and female reproductive organs
51
What causes the most of endocrine disorders?
Tumors
52
Tumor
Abnormal growth of cells
53
What are the two types of tumors?
Malignant and benign
54
Malignant
Cancerous
55
Benign
Non-cancerous
56
What is the cause of hyposecretion of melatonin
Insomnia
57
Hypersecretion of GH causes:
Acromegaly
Gigantism
Precocious puberty
58
Acromegaly
When hands, feet, and face enlarges after puberty. Mainly in men
59
Gigantism
Extreme tallness, decreased sexual development, possible mental development impairment that occurs before puberty
Ex) Robert Wadlow
60
What can hyposecretion of GH cause?
Dwarfism
61
Dwarfism
When your less than four feet tall with a normal torso and short extremities. Congenital or acquired
62
Precocious puberty
Unusually early puberty
63
Hyperthyroidism
Hypersecretion of thyroid hormones that control metabolism and growth
64
What are the three hormones of the thyroid gland
ASK JONTÉ
65
What are the side effects of hyperthyroidism
Nervousness
Tremors
Tachycardia
Weight loss
66
Goiter
Enlargement of the thyroid gland as a result of hypersecretion which could cause iodine deficiency and over secretion of TSH
67
Hypersecretion of thyroid hormones causes
Goiters and Graves' disease
68
What are some symptoms of goiters?
Dysphasia and cough
69
Dysphasia
Trouble swallowing
70
Graves' disease
Severe form of a disease that is more common in females due to hypersecretion of thyroid hormones
71
What does Graves' disease cause?
```
Exophthalmia
Goiter
Nervousness
Emotional instability
Tachycardia
Weight loss
```
72
Exophthalmia
Abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs
73
Hypothyroidism side affects:
Slow metabolism
Weight gain
Sluggishness
74
What happens to the thymus over time?
The thymus shrinks and is replaced by fat
75
What hormone does the thyroid secrete an what does it aid in?
Thymosin aids in immunity
76
Serum
Blood
77
PTH
Parathormone secreted by parathyroid in response to low levels of serum calcium. Puts calcium into blood from bones
78
Epinephrine
Prepares body for fight-or-flight. Blood flow to vital areas go up
79
What changes happens when epinephrine is secreted
Bp⬆️
HR⬇️
BS(Bowel sounds)⬇️
80
Hypersecretion of cortisol can cause:
Cushing syndrome
81
Cushing syndrome
Obesity, moon face, and a roll of fat on your back
82
Hyposecretion of cortisol causes:
Addison's disease
83
Addison's disease
Malaise(fatigue), weakness, hyper pigmentation, muscle atrophy
84
Hyper pigmentation
Darkening of the skin
85
How many months does a condition have to last to be considered chronic?
More than six months
86
How many months does a condition have to last to be considered acute?
Less than six months
87
True or false:
| Type 2 diabetes is NEVER asymptomatic
False
