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Health Pro > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland, glandular

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2
Q

Adren/al

Adren/o

A

Relating to the adrenal gland

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3
Q

Calc/i

A

Relating to calcium

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4
Q

Cortic/o

A

Cortex

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5
Q

End/o

A

Within, inner

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6
Q

Gluc/o

A

Glucose

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7
Q

Glyc/o

A

Sugar

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8
Q

Hypo

A

Below

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9
Q

Lacti

Lacto

A

Milk

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10
Q

Mel/i

Mel/o

A

Honey, sugar

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11
Q

Myx/o

A

Mucus

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12
Q

Pancre/a

Pancre/o

A

Involving the pancreas

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13
Q

Para

A

Alongside, near

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14
Q
  • phage
  • phagia
  • phagy
A

Eating

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15
Q

Thyr/o

Thyr/eo

A

Thyroid gland

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16
Q

Toc/o

A

Child birth

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17
Q

-tropic

A

Having an affinity for

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18
Q

Endocrine system

A

Composed of glands and organs that secrete hormones directly into the blood to ensure long-term regulation and internal balance (homeostasis)

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19
Q

Gland

A

An organized group of cells that function as secreting or excreting organs

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20
Q

Secretion

A

Process by which substance are produced and discharged from a gland for a particular physiological function

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21
Q

Excretion

A

Separating materials from the blood to be eliminated as waste

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22
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical substances formed in a gland and transported to a target cell to produce its effect

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23
Q

Target cell

A

Cell that responds to a particular hormone

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24
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Master gland that orchestrates endocrine function

Aka: hypophysis

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25
Q

Anterior pituitary gland

A

Part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones

Aka: adenohypophysis

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26
Q

Acro

A

Extreme

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27
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Area of the brain that secretes releasing hormones and is involved with regulating temperature, thirst, and hunger

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28
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Bilobed-butterfly shape; inferior to larynx; anterior to trachea

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29
Q

Thyroxine

A

(T4) a hormone from the thyroid. Controls metabolism

Aka: tetraiodothyronine

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30
Q

Calcitonin

A

Thyroid hormone that lowers calcium ion levels

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31
Q

Parathyroid gland

A

Four glands embedded into the posterior surface of the thyroid

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32
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

PTH. Hormone that increases blood calcium ion levels

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33
Q

Pancreas

A

Odd shaped gland between stomach and small intestine that controls insulin levels

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34
Q

Pancreatic islets

A

The endocrine cells of the pancreas that secrete hormones

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35
Q

Glucagon

A

Pancreatic hormone that increases blood glucose levels

36
Q

Insulin

A

Pancreatic hormone that decreases blood glucose levels

37
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Pyramid shaped gland over each kidney

38
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

Outer portion of adrenal glands

39
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Inner portion adrenal glands

40
Q

Aldosterone

A

Adrenal cortex hormone that regulates salt and water balance

41
Q

Cortisol

A

Adrenal cortex hormone that has anti-inflammatory effects; hydrocortisone

42
Q

Androgens

A

Supplement sex hormones produced by adrenal cortex

43
Q

Epinephrine

A

Also known as adrenaline or norepinephrine. Adrenal medulla hormone involved in the fight-or-flight response

44
Q

Pineal gland

A

Pine cone shaped gland, uppermost in brain, attached to the thalamus

45
Q

Melatonin

A

Hormone secreted by pineal gland that is responsible for circadian rhythms and sexual menstruation

46
Q

Thymus

A

Gland posterior to sternum

47
Q

Thymosins

A

Group of hormones from the thymus gland involved in the development of immune system cells(T cells)

48
Q

Endocrine

A

Secreting within bloodstream; ductless

49
Q

Exocrine

A

Secrete outside the body

Ex) sweat

50
Q

Gonads

A

Referring to both male and female reproductive organs

51
Q

What causes the most of endocrine disorders?

A

Tumors

52
Q

Tumor

A

Abnormal growth of cells

53
Q

What are the two types of tumors?

A

Malignant and benign

54
Q

Malignant

A

Cancerous

55
Q

Benign

A

Non-cancerous

56
Q

What is the cause of hyposecretion of melatonin

A

Insomnia

57
Q

Hypersecretion of GH causes:

A

Acromegaly
Gigantism
Precocious puberty

58
Q

Acromegaly

A

When hands, feet, and face enlarges after puberty. Mainly in men

59
Q

Gigantism

A

Extreme tallness, decreased sexual development, possible mental development impairment that occurs before puberty
Ex) Robert Wadlow

60
Q

What can hyposecretion of GH cause?

A

Dwarfism

61
Q

Dwarfism

A

When your less than four feet tall with a normal torso and short extremities. Congenital or acquired

62
Q

Precocious puberty

A

Unusually early puberty

63
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Hypersecretion of thyroid hormones that control metabolism and growth

64
Q

What are the three hormones of the thyroid gland

A

ASK JONTÉ

65
Q

What are the side effects of hyperthyroidism

A

Nervousness
Tremors
Tachycardia
Weight loss

66
Q

Goiter

A

Enlargement of the thyroid gland as a result of hypersecretion which could cause iodine deficiency and over secretion of TSH

67
Q

Hypersecretion of thyroid hormones causes

A

Goiters and Graves’ disease

68
Q

What are some symptoms of goiters?

A

Dysphasia and cough

69
Q

Dysphasia

A

Trouble swallowing

70
Q

Graves’ disease

A

Severe form of a disease that is more common in females due to hypersecretion of thyroid hormones

71
Q

What does Graves’ disease cause?

A 
Exophthalmia
Goiter 
Nervousness
Emotional instability 
Tachycardia
Weight loss
72
Q

Exophthalmia

A

Abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs

73
Q

Hypothyroidism side affects:

A

Slow metabolism
Weight gain
Sluggishness

74
Q

What happens to the thymus over time?

A

The thymus shrinks and is replaced by fat

75
Q

What hormone does the thyroid secrete an what does it aid in?

A

Thymosin aids in immunity

76
Q

Serum

A

Blood

77
Q

PTH

A

Parathormone secreted by parathyroid in response to low levels of serum calcium. Puts calcium into blood from bones

78
Q

Epinephrine

A

Prepares body for fight-or-flight. Blood flow to vital areas go up

79
Q

What changes happens when epinephrine is secreted

A

Bp⬆️
HR⬇️
BS(Bowel sounds)⬇️

80
Q

Hypersecretion of cortisol can cause:

A

Cushing syndrome

81
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Obesity, moon face, and a roll of fat on your back

82
Q

Hyposecretion of cortisol causes:

A

Addison’s disease

83
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Malaise(fatigue), weakness, hyper pigmentation, muscle atrophy

84
Q

Hyper pigmentation

A

Darkening of the skin

85
Q

How many months does a condition have to last to be considered chronic?

A

More than six months

86
Q

How many months does a condition have to last to be considered acute?

A

Less than six months

87
Q

True or false:

Type 2 diabetes is NEVER asymptomatic

A

False

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