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Health Pro > Muscular System Notes > Flashcards

Muscular System Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Muscular system purpose

A
  • Maintaining posture
  • Producing heat
  • Assisting lymph transport
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2
Q

Muscles take up ___% of body weight

A

40

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3
Q

Brachi/o

A

Arm

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4
Q

Brachy

A

Short

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5
Q

Bucc/o

A

Cheek

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6
Q

Cardi/o

A

Heart

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7
Q

Fasci/o

A

Fascia

A band

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8
Q

Fibr/o

A

Fiber

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9
Q

Kin/e

Kin/o

A

Movement

Motion

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10
Q

Kinesi/o

Kines/o

A

Motion

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11
Q

Muscul/o

A

Muscle

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12
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

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13
Q

Platy

A

Flat

Broad

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14
Q

Pter/o

A

Wing

Feather

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15
Q

Pterygo

A

Wing shaped

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16
Q

Rhabd/o

A

Rod shaped

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17
Q

Sarc/o

A

Muscle

Flesh

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18
Q

Tend/o

Ten/o

A

Tendon

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19
Q

-troph

A

Food nutrition

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20
Q

Troph/o

A

Food

Nutrition

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21
Q

Muscle cells

A

Microscopic thread-like structures that contract to move muscles

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22
Q

Muscle fibers

A

Muscle cells

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23
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Tissue composed of contractive muscle fibers

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24
Q

Skeletal tissue

A

Striated, voluntary muscle tissue attached to bones

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25
Q

Tendons

A

Tough, band like, voluntary fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone (striated)

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26
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue found lining organs and blood vessels

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27
Q

We have _____ muscles in our body

A

700

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28
Q

Peristalsis

A

Rhythmic waves of muscular contractions that occur in various tubular organs
Help move liquids through the body

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29
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

Striated, involuntary muscle only found on the heart

Fibers move as one unit

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30
Q

Aponeurosis

A

A sheet of fibrous tissue that replaces a tendon

Found in areas of wide attachment (Ex. Between two muscles)

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31
Q

Fascia

A

A thin sheet of muscle that:

  • envelopes the body beneath the skin
  • encloses muscles
  • encloses group of muscles
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32
Q

Origin

A

Muscle end that is connected to a relatively immovable part

Remains fixed during contraction

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33
Q

Insertion

A

Muscle end that is connected to a movable part

Moves during contraction

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34
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in muscle size

Cause be the result of injury, disease or lack of use

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35
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in muscle size

Can be result of repetitive weight bearing exercises

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36
Q

Abductors

A

Muscles that abduct limbs from midline

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37
Q

Adductors

A

Adduct limbs from the midline

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38
Q

Extensors

A

Muscles that are used to extend limbs

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39
Q

Flexors

A

Muscles that are used to flex limbs

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40
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

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41
Q

Occipitalis

A

Retracts and tenses scalp

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42
Q

Platysma

A

Stretches neck from chest to face

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43
Q

Pterygoid

A

Involved in opening and closing the jaw

Grates teeth during mastication

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44
Q

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

A
  • Pair of 2 headed muscles that are found on each side of the neck
  • origin=Sternum
  • insertion=Clavicle and mastoid process
  • prayer muscle that allows head-bowing
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45
Q

Sternohyoid

A

Depresses hyoid bone and larynx

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46
Q

Diaphragm

A

Enlarges thoracic cavity

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47
Q

External oblique

A
  • Compresses abdomen
  • Aids in posture
  • Makes up lateral wall of the abdomen
  • Runs down and medially from last 8 ribs to the ilium
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48
Q

Internal oblique

A

-Compresses abdomen
-Run at right angles of those external obliques
Origin- Iliac crest
Insert- last 3 ribs

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49
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A
  • Extends and adducts upper arm

- Large flat muscle that covers the lower back

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50
Q

Spell the prayer muscle that flexes the head

A

S-T-E-R-N-O-C-L-E-I-D-O-M-A-S-T-O-I-D muscle

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51
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Moves scapula against chest

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52
Q

Rectus abdominus

A
  • Flexes trunk
  • Runs from pubis to the ribcage
  • Involve in contraction for defecation, child birth, and forced breathing
53
Q

Rhomboideus major

A

Raises and adducts scapula

54
Q

Tansversus abdominus

A

-Compresses abdomen when defecating
-Aids in posture
-runs horizontally across the abs
Origin- Lower ribs and Iliac crest
Insertion- Pubis

55
Q

Trapezius

A

-Shrugs shoulders
-diamond shaped muscle that’s the antagonist muscle to the sternocleidomastoid when compressed
Origin- occipital bone & vertebral column
Insertion- clavicle scapula

56
Q

Biceps brachii

A
  • Supinates forearm
  • Flexes forearm
  • Bulges when elbow is flexed
57
Q

Brachialis

A

Flexes forearm

58
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Flexes forearm

59
Q

Deltoid

A
  • Abducts upper arm
  • Triangle shaped muscles that form the rounded part of the shoulders
  • Great site for injections
60
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Laterally rotates shoulder

61
Q

Pronator teres

A

Medial arm rotation

62
Q

Rotator cuff

A

Rotates arm muscles

63
Q

The rotator cuff includes:

And spell each

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis
64
Q

Subscapularis

A

Medially rotates shoulder

65
Q

Supinator

A

Supinates forearm

66
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Abducts shoulder

67
Q

Teres major

A

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates shoulder

68
Q

Teres minor

A

Rotates arm laterally

69
Q

Triceps brachii

A

-Extends forearm
-Has 3 heads
Inserts at the ocranon process

70
Q

Adductor magnus

A

Adducts hip

Flexes and rotates leg

71
Q

Biceps femoris

A

Moves leg

72
Q

Fibularis longus

A

Eversion of foot an plantar flexion

73
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Plantar flexion

74
Q

Gluteus medius

A
  • Abducts thigh
  • Above gluteus maximus
  • Good site for injections
75
Q

Gracilis

A

Adducts thigh

Flexes and adducts leg

76
Q

Hamstring group

A

Flexes leg muscles

77
Q

Quadriceps group

A

Extends leg muscles

78
Q

The quadricep group includes:

And spell all

A
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus intermedius
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus medialis
79
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Moves thigh

80
Q

Sartorius

A

Flexes knee

Rotates hip

81
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Flexes knee

Extends and rotates hip

82
Q

Soleus

A

Plantar flexion

83
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Inverts foot

84
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

Extends knee

85
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Extends knee

86
Q

Vastus medialis

A

Extends knee

87
Q

Myopathy

A

Any disease of the muscles that inherited or acquired

88
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Widespread muscle and joint pain of unknown origin

89
Q

Myalgia

A

Muscle pain

90
Q

Fibrosis

A

Abnormal formation of fibrous tissue

91
Q

Fibrositis

A

Inflammation of fibrous tissue causing pain and stiffness

92
Q

Muscular dystrophies

A

Hereditary diseases marked by muscle cell degeneration

93
Q

Polymyositis

A

Autoimmune disease characterized by muscle inflammation and atrophy

94
Q

Myosotis

A

Muscle information

95
Q

Electromyography

A

Procedure using electrodes attached to the skin or inserted into the muscle to record the electrical activity of muscle tissue

96
Q

Electromyogram

A

Record produced by Electromyography

97
Q

Muscle biopsy

A

Muscle tissue sample taken for evaluation

98
Q

Hernia

A

Abnormal protrusion o an organ as a result of pressure

A rupture

99
Q

Rotator cuff injury

A

Injury to the four muscles o the shoulder and their associated tendons

100
Q

Shins splints

A

A painful inflammation of the muscles surrounding the tibia as a result of running or jogging on hard, uneven surfaces or intensifying your exercises to quickly

101
Q

Several tendon

A

Lacerated tendon

102
Q

Tenoplasty

A

Surgical repair of a tendon

103
Q

Strain

A

Injury from over extension or trauma that involves stretching or tearing muscle fibers

104
Q

Sprain

A

Injury to the ligament of a joint caused by excessive force on the joint

105
Q

Tendinitis

A

Tendon inflammation

106
Q

Ways to name muscles

A
  • Size
  • Shape
  • Number of heads
  • Insertion(where it ends)
  • Origin(where muscle begins)
  • Fiber direction
  • Action(Ex. Flexor, Extensor)
107
Q

Endomysium

A

Delicate connective tissue sheath that surrounds/encases each muscle fiber

108
Q

Perimysium

A

Course membrane that wraps many fibers together

109
Q

Fascicle

A

Bundle of muscle fibers that have been wrapped by the Perimysium

110
Q

Epimysium

A

Together “over coat” of connective tissue that covers many fascicles

111
Q

Tendon

A

Cord-like, tough, help attach the fascia or Epimysium bones

112
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Helps muscle attach to other muscle, sheet like

113
Q

Function of the tendon

A
  • Provide strengths to muscle and bone
  • Can act as a cushion because they cross rough bones
  • Help attach muscle to bone
114
Q

Frontalis

A

Covers the frontal bone and inserts at the eyebrows

-Raises eyebrows and creates wrinkles on forehead

115
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A
  • Fibrous muscle that surrounds the eye sockets

- Closes eyelids, blinks, and winks

116
Q

Oculi

A

Prefix/root that means eye

117
Q

Orbicularis orus

A

Circular muscles around the mouth and lips (called the kissing muscle)

118
Q

Buccinator

A
  • Fleshy muscle that runs horizontally along the cheek and inserts in the orbicularis oris
  • Flattens cheek when whistling or blowing
  • Helps compress the cheek for chewing
119
Q

Zygomaticus

A
  • Corner of mouth to cheek bone

- Smile muscle that raises the side of the mouth

120
Q

Masseter

A
  • Covers the lower jaw and runs from the zygomatic process and the temporal bone to the mandible
  • helps close jaw by lifting mandible
121
Q

Temporalis

A
  • Fan shaped muscle that covers the temporal bone

- Helps close jaw

122
Q

What type of muscles are on the medial side of each thigh?

A

Adductor muscles

123
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Front of leg that dorsiflex and invert foot

124
Q

Gluteus maximus

A
  • Forms most of the buttox
  • Important when climbing, jumping, and extension of the hip
  • Brings hip in line with pelvis
125
Q

Pectoralis major

A
  • Large fan shaped muscle covering the upper part of the chest
  • Starts at the shoulder girdle & first 6 ribs (forms first part of upper skeleton)
  • Inserts at proximal end of humerus
125
Q

Intercostal Muscles

A

Deep muscles found between the ribs

125
Q

External Intercostal Muscles

A

Raises the ribs when breathing in air

125
Q

Internal Intercostal Muscles

A

Help lower the ribs while letting out air

125
Q

Ilipsoas

A
  • Prime mover of the hip flexion

- Keeps body upright

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