Muscular System Notes Flashcards
1
Q
Muscular system purpose
A
- Maintaining posture
- Producing heat
- Assisting lymph transport
2
Q
Muscles take up ___% of body weight
A
40
3
Q
Brachi/o
A
Arm
4
Q
Brachy
A
Short
5
Q
Bucc/o
A
Cheek
6
Q
Cardi/o
A
Heart
7
Q
Fasci/o
A
Fascia
A band
8
Q
Fibr/o
A
Fiber
9
Q
Kin/e
Kin/o
A
Movement
Motion
10
Q
Kinesi/o
Kines/o
A
Motion
11
Q
Muscul/o
A
Muscle
12
Q
My/o
A
Muscle
13
Q
Platy
A
Flat
Broad
14
Q
Pter/o
A
Wing
Feather
15
Q
Pterygo
A
Wing shaped
16
Q
Rhabd/o
A
Rod shaped
17
Q
Sarc/o
A
Muscle
Flesh
18
Q
Tend/o
Ten/o
A
Tendon
19
Q
-troph
A
Food nutrition
20
Q
Troph/o
A
Food
Nutrition
21
Q
Muscle cells
A
Microscopic thread-like structures that contract to move muscles
22
Q
Muscle fibers
A
Muscle cells
23
Q
Muscle tissue
A
Tissue composed of contractive muscle fibers
24
Q
Skeletal tissue
A
Striated, voluntary muscle tissue attached to bones
25
Tendons
Tough, band like, voluntary fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone (striated)
26
Smooth muscle
Nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue found lining organs and blood vessels
27
We have _____ muscles in our body
700
28
Peristalsis
Rhythmic waves of muscular contractions that occur in various tubular organs
Help move liquids through the body
29
Cardiac muscle tissue
Striated, involuntary muscle only found on the heart
| Fibers move as one unit
30
Aponeurosis
A sheet of fibrous tissue that replaces a tendon
| Found in areas of wide attachment (Ex. Between two muscles)
31
Fascia
A thin sheet of muscle that:
- envelopes the body beneath the skin
- encloses muscles
- encloses group of muscles
32
Origin
Muscle end that is connected to a relatively immovable part
| Remains fixed during contraction
33
Insertion
Muscle end that is connected to a movable part
| Moves during contraction
34
Atrophy
Decrease in muscle size
| Cause be the result of injury, disease or lack of use
35
Hypertrophy
Increase in muscle size
| Can be result of repetitive weight bearing exercises
36
Abductors
Muscles that abduct limbs from midline
37
Adductors
Adduct limbs from the midline
38
Extensors
Muscles that are used to extend limbs
39
Flexors
Muscles that are used to flex limbs
40
Mastication
Chewing
41
Occipitalis
Retracts and tenses scalp
42
Platysma
Stretches neck from chest to face
43
Pterygoid
Involved in opening and closing the jaw
| Grates teeth during mastication
44
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Pair of 2 headed muscles that are found on each side of the neck
- origin=Sternum
- insertion=Clavicle and mastoid process
- prayer muscle that allows head-bowing
45
Sternohyoid
Depresses hyoid bone and larynx
46
Diaphragm
Enlarges thoracic cavity
47
External oblique
- Compresses abdomen
- Aids in posture
- Makes up lateral wall of the abdomen
- Runs down and medially from last 8 ribs to the ilium
48
Internal oblique
-Compresses abdomen
-Run at right angles of those external obliques
Origin- Iliac crest
Insert- last 3 ribs
49
Latissimus dorsi
- Extends and adducts upper arm
| - Large flat muscle that covers the lower back
50
Spell the prayer muscle that flexes the head
S-T-E-R-N-O-C-L-E-I-D-O-M-A-S-T-O-I-D muscle
51
Pectoralis minor
Moves scapula against chest
52
Rectus abdominus
- Flexes trunk
- Runs from pubis to the ribcage
- Involve in contraction for defecation, child birth, and forced breathing
53
Rhomboideus major
Raises and adducts scapula
54
Tansversus abdominus
-Compresses abdomen when defecating
-Aids in posture
-runs horizontally across the abs
Origin- Lower ribs and Iliac crest
Insertion- Pubis
55
Trapezius
-Shrugs shoulders
-diamond shaped muscle that's the antagonist muscle to the sternocleidomastoid when compressed
Origin- occipital bone & vertebral column
Insertion- clavicle scapula
56
Biceps brachii
- Supinates forearm
- Flexes forearm
- Bulges when elbow is flexed
57
Brachialis
Flexes forearm
58
Brachioradialis
Flexes forearm
59
Deltoid
- Abducts upper arm
- Triangle shaped muscles that form the rounded part of the shoulders
- Great site for injections
60
Infraspinatus
Laterally rotates shoulder
61
Pronator teres
Medial arm rotation
62
Rotator cuff
Rotates arm muscles
63
The rotator cuff includes:
| And spell each
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Subscapularis
64
Subscapularis
Medially rotates shoulder
65
Supinator
Supinates forearm
66
Supraspinatus
Abducts shoulder
67
Teres major
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates shoulder
68
Teres minor
Rotates arm laterally
69
Triceps brachii
-Extends forearm
-Has 3 heads
Inserts at the ocranon process
70
Adductor magnus
Adducts hip
| Flexes and rotates leg
71
Biceps femoris
Moves leg
72
Fibularis longus
Eversion of foot an plantar flexion
73
Gastrocnemius
Plantar flexion
74
Gluteus medius
- Abducts thigh
- Above gluteus maximus
- Good site for injections
75
Gracilis
Adducts thigh
| Flexes and adducts leg
76
Hamstring group
Flexes leg muscles
77
Quadriceps group
Extends leg muscles
78
The quadricep group includes:
| And spell all
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus intermedius
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
79
Rectus femoris
Moves thigh
80
Sartorius
Flexes knee
| Rotates hip
81
Semimembranosus
Flexes knee
| Extends and rotates hip
82
Soleus
Plantar flexion
83
Tibialis anterior
Inverts foot
84
Vastus intermedius
Extends knee
85
Vastus lateralis
Extends knee
86
Vastus medialis
Extends knee
87
Myopathy
Any disease of the muscles that inherited or acquired
88
Fibromyalgia
Widespread muscle and joint pain of unknown origin
89
Myalgia
Muscle pain
90
Fibrosis
Abnormal formation of fibrous tissue
91
Fibrositis
Inflammation of fibrous tissue causing pain and stiffness
92
Muscular dystrophies
Hereditary diseases marked by muscle cell degeneration
93
Polymyositis
Autoimmune disease characterized by muscle inflammation and atrophy
94
Myosotis
Muscle information
95
Electromyography
Procedure using electrodes attached to the skin or inserted into the muscle to record the electrical activity of muscle tissue
96
Electromyogram
Record produced by Electromyography
97
Muscle biopsy
Muscle tissue sample taken for evaluation
98
Hernia
Abnormal protrusion o an organ as a result of pressure
| A rupture
99
Rotator cuff injury
Injury to the four muscles o the shoulder and their associated tendons
100
Shins splints
A painful inflammation of the muscles surrounding the tibia as a result of running or jogging on hard, uneven surfaces or intensifying your exercises to quickly
101
Several tendon
Lacerated tendon
102
Tenoplasty
Surgical repair of a tendon
103
Strain
Injury from over extension or trauma that involves stretching or tearing muscle fibers
104
Sprain
Injury to the ligament of a joint caused by excessive force on the joint
105
Tendinitis
Tendon inflammation
106
Ways to name muscles
- Size
- Shape
- Number of heads
- Insertion(where it ends)
- Origin(where muscle begins)
- Fiber direction
- Action(Ex. Flexor, Extensor)
107
Endomysium
Delicate connective tissue sheath that surrounds/encases each muscle fiber
108
Perimysium
Course membrane that wraps many fibers together
109
Fascicle
Bundle of muscle fibers that have been wrapped by the Perimysium
110
Epimysium
Together "over coat" of connective tissue that covers many fascicles
111
Tendon
Cord-like, tough, help attach the fascia or Epimysium bones
112
Aponeurosis
Helps muscle attach to other muscle, sheet like
113
Function of the tendon
- Provide strengths to muscle and bone
- Can act as a cushion because they cross rough bones
- Help attach muscle to bone
114
Frontalis
Covers the frontal bone and inserts at the eyebrows
| -Raises eyebrows and creates wrinkles on forehead
115
Orbicularis oculi
- Fibrous muscle that surrounds the eye sockets
| - Closes eyelids, blinks, and winks
116
Oculi
Prefix/root that means eye
117
Orbicularis orus
Circular muscles around the mouth and lips (called the kissing muscle)
118
Buccinator
- Fleshy muscle that runs horizontally along the cheek and inserts in the orbicularis oris
- Flattens cheek when whistling or blowing
- Helps compress the cheek for chewing
119
Zygomaticus
- Corner of mouth to cheek bone
| - Smile muscle that raises the side of the mouth
120
Masseter
- Covers the lower jaw and runs from the zygomatic process and the temporal bone to the mandible
- helps close jaw by lifting mandible
121
Temporalis
- Fan shaped muscle that covers the temporal bone
| - Helps close jaw
122
What type of muscles are on the medial side of each thigh?
Adductor muscles
123
Tibialis anterior
Front of leg that dorsiflex and invert foot
124
Gluteus maximus
- Forms most of the buttox
- Important when climbing, jumping, and extension of the hip
- Brings hip in line with pelvis
125
Pectoralis major
- Large fan shaped muscle covering the upper part of the chest
- Starts at the shoulder girdle & first 6 ribs (forms first part of upper skeleton)
- Inserts at proximal end of humerus
125
Intercostal Muscles
Deep muscles found between the ribs
125
External Intercostal Muscles
Raises the ribs when breathing in air
125
Internal Intercostal Muscles
Help lower the ribs while letting out air
125
Ilipsoas
- Prime mover of the hip flexion
| - Keeps body upright
