Skeletal System Introduction

Question 1

This function of the skeletal system involves individual bones and groups of bones that provide the framework for the entire body.

Answer 1

Support

Question 2

This function involves calcium salt mineral reserves, phosphate ions, and energy stored in yellow marrow.

Answer 2

Storage

Question 3

This function involves Red and White cells and red marrow.

Answer 3

Blood Cell Production

Question 4

This function keeps soft tissue and organs safe.

Answer 4

Protection

Question 5

This function changes the magnitude and direction of the force generated by muscles.

Answer 5

Leverage

Question 6

Another name for bone

Answer 6

Osseous tissue

Question 7

Osseous tissue is supporting __________ containing many specialized cells.

Answer 7

Connective tissue

Question 8

The matrix consists of what two components?

Answer 8

Extracellular protein fibers and ground substance

Question 9

This type of bone is longer than it is wide

Answer 9

Long bone

Question 10

This type of bone has equal dimensions

Answer 10

Short bone

Question 11

this type of bone is thin and relatively broad

Answer 11

Flat bone

Question 12

This type of bone has a complex shape

Answer 12

Irregular bone

Question 13

this feature of a long bone is the central shaft

Answer 13

Diaphysis

Question 14

This is the loose connective tissue in a long bone (where blood cells are made)

Answer 14

Bone marrow

Question 15

These are the expanded portions at each end of a long bone and are covered in articular cartilage.

Answer 15

Epiphyses

Question 16

This is relatively solid and forms the diaphysis

Answer 16

Compact bone

Question 17

This resembles a network of bony rods separated by spaces and fills the epiphyses

Answer 17

Spongy bone

Question 18

This is the outer surface of a long bone. It intermingles with tendons and ligaments.

Answer 18

Periosteum

Question 19

Periosteum is also responsible for isolating bone from surrounding tissue and…

Answer 19

Providing a route for circulation and nervous supplies.

Question 20

TRUE or FALSE: the periosteum participates in growth and repair of bone.

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

This is found within bone and contains cellular material that lines the marrow cavity and inner surfaces.

Answer 21

Endosteum

Question 22

TRUE or FALSE; The endosteum is not active during bone growth, repair, and remodeling.

Answer 22

FALSE

Question 23

There are ____ types of bone cells.

Answer 23

3

Question 24

These are mature bone cells. They maintain bone structure, recycle calcium salts, and assist in repair.

Answer 24

Osteocytes

Question 25

These are giant cells with 50+ nuclei. They excrete acids and enzymes that dissolve bony matrix and release stored minerals.

Answer 25

Osteoclasts

Question 26

These are cells responsible for the production of new bone. They promote the deposition of calcium salts in the matrix.

Answer 26

Osteoblasts

Question 27

This type of cell, when surrounded by calcified matrix, will differentiate into Osteocytes.

Answer 27

Osteoblasts

Question 28

This is the basic unit of compact bone.

Answer 28

Osteon

Question 29

In compact bone, osteocytes are arranged in concentric layers around a

Answer 29

Central canal

Question 30

The central canal will contain one or more

Answer 30

Blood vessels

Question 31

TRUE or FALSE: Spongy bone has osteons

Answer 31

FALSE

Question 32

Spongy bone is found in the

Answer 32

Epiphyses

Question 33

Bone growth begins at

Answer 33

6 weeks

Question 34

Bone growth stops at

Answer 34

approx. 25 years

Question 35

This is the process of replacing cartilage or connective tissue with bone.

Answer 35

Ossification

Question 36

There how many forms of ossification?

Answer 36

2

Question 37

In this type of ossification bone develops within sheets or membranes of connective tissue.

Answer 37

Intramembranous

Question 38

Intramembranous ossification continues and new bone branches outward, some osteoblasts get trapped inside bony pockets and become osteocytes, then it concludes with

Answer 38

Blood vessels growing into the area of growth to provide oxygen and nutrients.

Question 39

This type of ossification forms most bones and it is the ossification of hyaline cartilage.

Answer 39

Endochondral

Question 40

This process affects all bones at some point and will remove and replace bone to adapt to stresses

Answer 40

Remodeling

Question 41

This process is the constant balancing of mineral reserves in the body. It will aid in proper function of muscles and nerves

Answer 41

Homeostasis

Question 42

The aging of bones, becoming thinner and weaker, over a human’s life is called

Answer 42

Osteopenia

Question 43

This process requires a reliable source of minerals, vitamin D, vitamin A, Vitamin C, and hormones to occur

Answer 43

Bone Growth

Question 44

This process will occur as long as there is blood supply and cells of the periosteum and endosteum. It can take months to years to finish and begins with the formation of a hematoma (blood clot)

Answer 44

Bone repair

Question 45

This type of growth is when the diameter of the bone enlarges as the bone elongates

Answer 45

Appositional

Question 46

This is the end of bone growth and is visible on an x-ray…varies from bone to bone and person to person

Answer 46

Epiphyseal closure

Question 47

This is any crack or break in a bone.

Answer 47

Fracture

Question 48

This is the first step in bone repair

Answer 48

Formation of a clot (hematoma)

Question 49

The protective layer that surrounds a fracture as it heals

Answer 49

Callus

Question 50

The mineral that needs to be present for bones to grow, remodel, and repair

Answer 50

Calcium