Skeletal System Introduction Flashcards
This function of the skeletal system involves individual bones and groups of bones that provide the framework for the entire body.
Support
This function involves calcium salt mineral reserves, phosphate ions, and energy stored in yellow marrow.
Storage
This function involves Red and White cells and red marrow.
Blood Cell Production
This function keeps soft tissue and organs safe.
Protection
This function changes the magnitude and direction of the force generated by muscles.
Leverage
Another name for bone
Osseous tissue
Osseous tissue is supporting __________ containing many specialized cells.
Connective tissue
The matrix consists of what two components?
Extracellular protein fibers and ground substance
This type of bone is longer than it is wide
Long bone
This type of bone has equal dimensions
Short bone
this type of bone is thin and relatively broad
Flat bone
This type of bone has a complex shape
Irregular bone
this feature of a long bone is the central shaft
Diaphysis
This is the loose connective tissue in a long bone (where blood cells are made)
Bone marrow
These are the expanded portions at each end of a long bone and are covered in articular cartilage.
Epiphyses
This is relatively solid and forms the diaphysis
Compact bone
This resembles a network of bony rods separated by spaces and fills the epiphyses
Spongy bone
This is the outer surface of a long bone. It intermingles with tendons and ligaments.
Periosteum
Periosteum is also responsible for isolating bone from surrounding tissue and…
Providing a route for circulation and nervous supplies.
TRUE or FALSE: the periosteum participates in growth and repair of bone.
TRUE
This is found within bone and contains cellular material that lines the marrow cavity and inner surfaces.
Endosteum
TRUE or FALSE; The endosteum is not active during bone growth, repair, and remodeling.
FALSE
There are ____ types of bone cells.
3
These are mature bone cells. They maintain bone structure, recycle calcium salts, and assist in repair.
Osteocytes
These are giant cells with 50+ nuclei. They excrete acids and enzymes that dissolve bony matrix and release stored minerals.
Osteoclasts
These are cells responsible for the production of new bone. They promote the deposition of calcium salts in the matrix.
Osteoblasts
This type of cell, when surrounded by calcified matrix, will differentiate into Osteocytes.
Osteoblasts
This is the basic unit of compact bone.
Osteon
In compact bone, osteocytes are arranged in concentric layers around a
Central canal
The central canal will contain one or more
Blood vessels
TRUE or FALSE: Spongy bone has osteons
FALSE
Spongy bone is found in the
Epiphyses
Bone growth begins at
6 weeks
Bone growth stops at
approx. 25 years
This is the process of replacing cartilage or connective tissue with bone.
Ossification
There how many forms of ossification?
2
In this type of ossification bone develops within sheets or membranes of connective tissue.
Intramembranous
Intramembranous ossification continues and new bone branches outward, some osteoblasts get trapped inside bony pockets and become osteocytes, then it concludes with
Blood vessels growing into the area of growth to provide oxygen and nutrients.
This type of ossification forms most bones and it is the ossification of hyaline cartilage.
Endochondral
This process affects all bones at some point and will remove and replace bone to adapt to stresses
Remodeling
This process is the constant balancing of mineral reserves in the body. It will aid in proper function of muscles and nerves
Homeostasis
The aging of bones, becoming thinner and weaker, over a human’s life is called
Osteopenia
This process requires a reliable source of minerals, vitamin D, vitamin A, Vitamin C, and hormones to occur
Bone Growth
This process will occur as long as there is blood supply and cells of the periosteum and endosteum. It can take months to years to finish and begins with the formation of a hematoma (blood clot)
Bone repair
This type of growth is when the diameter of the bone enlarges as the bone elongates
Appositional
This is the end of bone growth and is visible on an x-ray…varies from bone to bone and person to person
Epiphyseal closure
This is any crack or break in a bone.
Fracture
This is the first step in bone repair
Formation of a clot (hematoma)
The protective layer that surrounds a fracture as it heals
Callus
The mineral that needs to be present for bones to grow, remodel, and repair
Calcium
