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Anatomy & Physiology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

The two main components of the Integument

A

cutaneous membrane and accessory structures

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2
Q

The cutaneous membrane is also known as the…

A

skin

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3
Q

The three main accessory structures are:

A

hair, nail, and exocrine glands

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4
Q

This function of the integument provides cover, softens impacts, and prevents chemicals and foreign materials from entering.

A

protection

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5
Q

This function helps regulate heat exchange with the environment.

A

temperature maintenance

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6
Q

This function is responsible for the production of Vitamin D, that will aid in Calcium uptake…it is also the reason for adipose!

A

Synthesis and storage of nutrients

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7
Q

This function of the integument will detect touch, pressure, pain, and temperature and relay that information to the nervous system.

A

Sensory reception

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8
Q

Glands will give off salts, water, and organic wastes…are part of this function:

A

Excretion & secretion

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9
Q

This part of the cutaneous membrane consists of stratified squamous epithelium and has multiple layers.

A

Epidermis

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10
Q

The palms of hands and soles of feet have 5 layers of epidermis, making it:

A

thick skin

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11
Q

The skin covering the body consists of 4 layers and is called:

A

thin skin

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12
Q

Layers of the epidermis are also called:

A

Strata

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13
Q

This layer is the deepest layer that is firmly attached to the basement membrane.

A

stratum basale

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14
Q

Ridges of the epidermis are needed for not only increasing the surface area of skin, but to…

A

Increase friction, ensuring a secure grip

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15
Q

melanocytes produce the pigment

A

melanin

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16
Q

The intermediate strata has ____ layers

A

three

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17
Q

The bottommost layer of the intermediate strata that is spiny and continuously divide is the:

A

Stratum Spinosim

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18
Q

The middle intermediate strata that is grainy, has stopped dividing, and will produce keratin is the:

A

Stratum Granulosum

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19
Q

The topmost layer of the intermediate strata is clear, has flattened cells that are densely packed and filled with keratin is the:

A

Stratum Lucidum

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20
Q

The most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of 15-30 layers of flattened, dead, keratin filled cells.

A

Stratum Corneum

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21
Q

This layer of the cutaneous membrane is in the middle and has two components.

A

The dermis

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22
Q

This is the superficial layer of the dermis which consists of loose connective tissue, capillaries, and nerves.

A

Papillary layer

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23
Q

This is the deeper layer of the dermis which consists of interwoven meshworks of dense, irregular connective tissue that has both elastic and collagen fibers.

A

Reticular layer

24
Q

This is the bottommost layer of the cutaneous membrane that is an extensive network of connective tissue fibers and has large blood vessels.

A

Hypodermis (Subcutaneous layer)

25
Q

This is where adipose is found:

A

Hypodermis

26
Q

The purpose of adipose is not only to cushion organs and provide reserve energy, but to:

A

Help reduce heat loss

27
Q

This accessory structure is found everywhere but the soles of your feet, palms of your hands, sides of fingers & toes, lips, and portions of external genitalia.

A

Hair

28
Q

True or False? Hair is living and is produced in organs called hair follicles.

A

False, hair is non-living

29
Q

This structure of hair is like a bulb and contains capillaries and nerves.

A

Hair papilla

30
Q

This structure of hair anchors the hair into the skin.

A

Hair Root

31
Q

This is the structure of hair that emerges from the skin.

A

Hair shaft

32
Q

This is the outermost portion of the hair shaft, it looks like shingles on a roof.

A

Cuticle

33
Q

This is the middle of the hair shaft, it contains pigment granules.

A

Cortex

34
Q

This is the innermost portion of the hair shaft, not everyone has one, and its a conglomeration of pigment granules.

A

Medulla

35
Q

Hair has many functions including protection from UV light, cushioning light blows to the head, insulating the skull, sensory info, and…..

A

Preventing foreign materials from entering the body (eyebrows, eyelashes, nose and ear hair!)

36
Q

These are oil glands. Their oil mainly inhibits the growth of bacteria.

A

Sebaceous glands

37
Q

Sebaceous glands numbers increase as you mature and are sensitive to:

A

changes in sex hormones

38
Q

The oil from sebaceous glands can cause this not-so-very-fun condition.

A

acne

39
Q

The two types of sweat glands are:

A

apocrine and merocrine

40
Q

apocrine sweat glands are found in:

A

armpits, around nipples, and the groin

41
Q

The apocrine sweat glands discharge a cloudy, sticky, odorous secretion after the body goes through this process:

A

puberty

42
Q

Apocrine sweat gland discharge is only odorous when:

A

bacteria break it down

43
Q

Merocrine sweat glands are found in the skin, especially the:

A

soles of feet and palms of hands

44
Q

A human can have up to ______ merocrine sweat glands.

A

5 million

45
Q

The sweat secretion from the merocrine glands consists of 99%…

A

water

46
Q

The other 1% of merocrine sweat is electrolytes (_____), organic nutrients, and waste (_____)

A

NaCl (salt) and Urea

47
Q

This accessory structure forms on the dorsal surface of fingers and toes.

A

Nails

48
Q

Nails protect the tips of fingers and toes and help limit

A

their distortion when subjected to stress

49
Q

This is the visible portion of the nail

A

Nail body

50
Q

This portion of the nail covers the epidermis

A

nail bed

51
Q

This part of the nail forms the cuticle and is found under the skin

A

Nail root

52
Q

These are formed when platelets stick together and fibrin proteins gather to form a clot, which will then dry. Nature’s Band-Aid!

A

A Scab

53
Q

This is created at the site of trauma to reinforce repair efforts, it is made mostly of fibrous connective tissue and collagen.

A

Scar Tissue

54
Q

The crescent of the nail

A

lunula

55
Q

Fold that covers the exposed nail

A

cuticle

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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