Integumentary System Flashcards
The two main components of the Integument
cutaneous membrane and accessory structures
The cutaneous membrane is also known as the…
skin
The three main accessory structures are:
hair, nail, and exocrine glands
This function of the integument provides cover, softens impacts, and prevents chemicals and foreign materials from entering.
protection
This function helps regulate heat exchange with the environment.
temperature maintenance
This function is responsible for the production of Vitamin D, that will aid in Calcium uptake…it is also the reason for adipose!
Synthesis and storage of nutrients
This function of the integument will detect touch, pressure, pain, and temperature and relay that information to the nervous system.
Sensory reception
Glands will give off salts, water, and organic wastes…are part of this function:
Excretion & secretion
This part of the cutaneous membrane consists of stratified squamous epithelium and has multiple layers.
Epidermis
The palms of hands and soles of feet have 5 layers of epidermis, making it:
thick skin
The skin covering the body consists of 4 layers and is called:
thin skin
Layers of the epidermis are also called:
Strata
This layer is the deepest layer that is firmly attached to the basement membrane.
stratum basale
Ridges of the epidermis are needed for not only increasing the surface area of skin, but to…
Increase friction, ensuring a secure grip
melanocytes produce the pigment
melanin
The intermediate strata has ____ layers
three
The bottommost layer of the intermediate strata that is spiny and continuously divide is the:
Stratum Spinosim
The middle intermediate strata that is grainy, has stopped dividing, and will produce keratin is the:
Stratum Granulosum
The topmost layer of the intermediate strata is clear, has flattened cells that are densely packed and filled with keratin is the:
Stratum Lucidum
The most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of 15-30 layers of flattened, dead, keratin filled cells.
Stratum Corneum
This layer of the cutaneous membrane is in the middle and has two components.
The dermis
This is the superficial layer of the dermis which consists of loose connective tissue, capillaries, and nerves.
Papillary layer
This is the deeper layer of the dermis which consists of interwoven meshworks of dense, irregular connective tissue that has both elastic and collagen fibers.
Reticular layer
This is the bottommost layer of the cutaneous membrane that is an extensive network of connective tissue fibers and has large blood vessels.
Hypodermis (Subcutaneous layer)
This is where adipose is found:
Hypodermis
The purpose of adipose is not only to cushion organs and provide reserve energy, but to:
Help reduce heat loss
This accessory structure is found everywhere but the soles of your feet, palms of your hands, sides of fingers & toes, lips, and portions of external genitalia.
Hair
True or False? Hair is living and is produced in organs called hair follicles.
False, hair is non-living
This structure of hair is like a bulb and contains capillaries and nerves.
Hair papilla
This structure of hair anchors the hair into the skin.
Hair Root
This is the structure of hair that emerges from the skin.
Hair shaft
This is the outermost portion of the hair shaft, it looks like shingles on a roof.
Cuticle
This is the middle of the hair shaft, it contains pigment granules.
Cortex
This is the innermost portion of the hair shaft, not everyone has one, and its a conglomeration of pigment granules.
Medulla
Hair has many functions including protection from UV light, cushioning light blows to the head, insulating the skull, sensory info, and…..
Preventing foreign materials from entering the body (eyebrows, eyelashes, nose and ear hair!)
These are oil glands. Their oil mainly inhibits the growth of bacteria.
Sebaceous glands
Sebaceous glands numbers increase as you mature and are sensitive to:
changes in sex hormones
The oil from sebaceous glands can cause this not-so-very-fun condition.
acne
The two types of sweat glands are:
apocrine and merocrine
apocrine sweat glands are found in:
armpits, around nipples, and the groin
The apocrine sweat glands discharge a cloudy, sticky, odorous secretion after the body goes through this process:
puberty
Apocrine sweat gland discharge is only odorous when:
bacteria break it down
Merocrine sweat glands are found in the skin, especially the:
soles of feet and palms of hands
A human can have up to ______ merocrine sweat glands.
5 million
The sweat secretion from the merocrine glands consists of 99%…
water
The other 1% of merocrine sweat is electrolytes (_____), organic nutrients, and waste (_____)
NaCl (salt) and Urea
This accessory structure forms on the dorsal surface of fingers and toes.
Nails
Nails protect the tips of fingers and toes and help limit
their distortion when subjected to stress
This is the visible portion of the nail
Nail body
This portion of the nail covers the epidermis
nail bed
This part of the nail forms the cuticle and is found under the skin
Nail root
These are formed when platelets stick together and fibrin proteins gather to form a clot, which will then dry. Nature’s Band-Aid!
A Scab
This is created at the site of trauma to reinforce repair efforts, it is made mostly of fibrous connective tissue and collagen.
Scar Tissue
The crescent of the nail
lunula
Fold that covers the exposed nail
cuticle
