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Anatomy & Physiology > Muscle Anatomy > Flashcards

Muscle Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The most abundant muscle type

A

Skeletal

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2
Q

This function requires muscles to contract and pull on tendons, which will then move bones. Can be simple or highly coordinated.

A

Movement of the skeleton

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3
Q

This function has constant muscle contractions to keep you upright or else you would collapse.

A

Maintenance of posture and body position

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4
Q

This function can be observed in the abdominal and pelvic cavities…organs are safe and secure!

A

Support of soft tissue

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5
Q

This function can be observed in digestive and urinary systems…muscles encircle and provide control of swallowing, urination, and defecation…

A

Guard entrances and exits

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6
Q

This function involves energy and heat. Muscle contractions require energy and give off heat!

A

Maintain body temperature

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7
Q

Skeletal muscle has _____ layers of connective tissue.

A

3

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8
Q

This is a layer of collagen fibers that surround the entire muscle and separates them from other tissue and organs.

A

Epimysium

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9
Q

This is a layer of connective tissue fibers that divides muscles into bundles.

A

Perimysium

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10
Q

The bundles in the perimysium are called…

A

Fascicles

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11
Q

Along with collagen and elastin, perimysium also contain…

A

Blood vessels and nerves

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12
Q

This layer is within a fascicle. It surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber and ties muscle fibers together.

A

Endomysium

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13
Q

When the collagen fibers at the end of a muscle come together to form a bundle it is a _____.

A

Tendon

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14
Q

When the collagen fibers at the end of the muscle form a broad sheet it called a _______.

A

Aponeurosis

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15
Q

A tendon connects muscle to

A

bone

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16
Q

Blood vessels provide muscles with

A

nutrients and oxygen

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17
Q

Nerves will

A

stimulate muscle contractions

18
Q

Skeletal muscles are ______, You control their action!

A

Voluntary

19
Q

Muscle fibers are composed of…

A

Myofibrils

20
Q

Inside a myofibril are…

A

Thin and thick filaments

21
Q

Repeating functional units of a myofibril are called

A

Sarcomeres

22
Q

The thin filaments inside the sarcomere that attach at the z-line…they have the active site for contraction.

A

Actin

23
Q

The thick filaments that will “walk” during contraction. They have heads and tails.

A

Myosin

24
Q

This is an active force applied to muscles

A

Tension

25
Q

Muscle fiber stimulation is known as a…

A

twitch

26
Q

This period/phase begins at stimulation, lasts about 2msec, and during this time Calcium is released.

A

Latent

27
Q

This period/phase is when tension rises to a peak and hits maximum tension after about 15msec.

A

Contraction

28
Q

This period/phase is when tension falls. Lasts about 25 msec.

A

Relaxation

29
Q

The proper sequence of events in a twitch

A

single stimulus –> Contraction –> relaxation

30
Q

This is when a second stimulus arrives before relaxation is complete.

A

Summation

31
Q

This is when the stimulation rate is so fast, relaxation is eliminated completely.

A

Complete tetanus

32
Q

This is when muscles keep some tension, so they are firm…not flaccid.

A

Tone

33
Q

This is when muscles become small and weak due to lack of stimulation.

A

Atrophy

34
Q

The primary method muscles use to gain energy.

A

Aerobic Respiration (Cellular respiration)

35
Q

Aerobic respiration requires this substance to work properly.

A

Oxygen

36
Q

If muscle demand increases rapidly, muscles will switch to this form of energy gain.

A

Lactic Acid Fermentation.

37
Q

The down side of lactic acid is

A

muscle fatigue…requires recovery. (it’s also painful!)

38
Q

This type of fiber can contract in 0.01sec or less following stimulation.

A

Fast

39
Q

This type of fiber takes 3 times longer than their counterparts to contract, but can contract for extended periods.

A

Slow

40
Q

This type of fiber is associated with endurance…mainly because they need lots of oxygen.

A

Slow

41
Q

This type of muscle is dominated by fast twitch fibers.

A

White

42
Q

This type of muscle is dominated by slow fibers…it also contains lots of blood vessels.

A

Red

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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