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Anatomy & Physiology > Bones of the Lower Limb and Joints > Flashcards

Bones of the Lower Limb and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Commonly called the thighbone, its the longest and heaviest bone in the body.

A

Femur

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2
Q

Commonly called the kneecap, this bone does not articulate directly with any other bone…in fact, its suspended in place by ligaments & tendons

A

Patella

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3
Q

Commonly called the shinbone, this is a large, medial bone of the lower leg.

A

Tibia

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4
Q

This bone is slender and found in the lower leg.

A

Fibula

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5
Q

Another name for your ankle

A

Tarsus

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6
Q

The name of the bones in the ankle

A

Tarsal bones

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7
Q

The number of tarsal bones

A

7

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8
Q

The only tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula

A

Talus

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9
Q

The heel bone

A

Calcaneus

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10
Q

The bones in the foot

A

Metatarsals

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11
Q

The bones that make up the toes

A

Phalanges

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12
Q

The big toe

A

Hallux

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13
Q

The structures of the femur that form the knee joint

A

Lateral and Medial condyles

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14
Q

The site on the femur where muscles attach

A

Linea aspera

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15
Q

This is the structure of the tibia that form the knee joint

A

Lateral and medial condyles

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16
Q

This connects the patella to the tibia

A

Patellar ligament

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17
Q

This part of the tibia provides medial support for the ankle

A

Medial malleolus

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18
Q

This bone does not articulate with the femur, but does articulate with the ankle at the lateral malleolus providing stability to the ankle.

A

Fibula

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19
Q

Your achilles tendon attaches to this bone

A

Calcaneus

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20
Q

Another name for joints

A

Articulations

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21
Q

Joints are a compromise between strength/stability and

A

Movement

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22
Q

The three types of joints are

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

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23
Q

This type of joint does not move, such as the sutures in your skull.

A

Synarthrosis joints

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24
Q

This type of joint are slightly moveable, such as the symphysis between pubic bones.

A

Amphiarthrosis joints

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25
Q

Synovial joints, which are free moving, are considered this type of joint.

A

Diarthrosis joints

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26
Q

Synovial joints are surrounded by a..

A

Joint capsule

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27
Q

The inner surface of a synovial joint is lined with a..

A

Synovial membrane

28
Q

This fills a synovial joint and provides lubrication.

A

Synovial fluid

29
Q

These are found in some synovial joints and are cartilage pads for shock absorption.

A

Menisci (meniscus, singular)

30
Q

These are found in some synovial joints and provide protection for articular cartilages and acts as a packing material.

A

Fat pads

31
Q

These play significant roles in the function of synovial joints…they connect one bone to the other.

A

Ligaments

32
Q

These are found where tendons and ligaments rub against other tissue…they have extra synovial fluid and help reduce friction.

A

Bursae (bursa, singular)

33
Q

The pelvis is actually these 3 bones

A

Hips, sacrum, and coccyx

34
Q

These bones articulate with the thighbones and are weight bearing & provide locomotion

A

Hip bones

35
Q

Another name for hip bones

A

Ossa Coxae

36
Q

The three bones of the hip

A

Ilium, ischium, and pubis

37
Q

Where muscles attach to the hip

A

Iliac crest

38
Q

Where the two pubic bones articulate

A

Pubis symphysis

39
Q

Where the femur articulates with the hip

A

Acetabulum

40
Q

Three major movement types of joints

A

Gliding, Angular, and Rotation

41
Q

This joint movement is slight…from side to side.

A

Gliding

42
Q

This motion reduces the angle.

A

Flexion

43
Q

This motion increases the angle

A

Extension

44
Q

This is extension past the anatomical position.

A

Hyperextension

45
Q

Movement away from the longitudinal plane.

A

Abduction

46
Q

Movement back toward the longitudinal plane.

A

Adduction

47
Q

An agular motion that forms a loop.

A

Circumduction

48
Q

Motion of turning the limb around the longitudinal axis.

A

Rotation

49
Q

Rotation of the forearm that makes the palm face posteriorly.

A

Pronation

50
Q

Rotation of the forearm that makes the palm face anteriorly.

A

Supination

51
Q

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward.

A

Inversion

52
Q

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole outward.

A

Eversion

53
Q

Flexion of the ankle and elevation of the sole of the foot…like digging in your heel.

A

Dorsiflexion

54
Q

Extension of the ankle that elevates the heel…like when you stand on tip-toe.

A

Plantar flexion

55
Q

Movement of the tomb toward the palm or fingertips.

A

Opposition

56
Q

Movement of a body part anteriorly in the horizontal plane.

A

Protraction

57
Q

Movement of a body part posteriorly in the horizontal plane.

A

Retraction

58
Q

Movement of a part to a superior position.

A

Elevation

59
Q

Movement of a part to a inferior position.

A

Depression

60
Q

Joint that a light sliding motion, such as your clavicle.

A

Gliding joint

61
Q

Joint that has an angular motion in a single plane, such as your elbow or knee.

A

Hinge joint

62
Q

Joint that permits rotation (especially side to side motion), such as your atlas and axis.

A

Pivot joint

63
Q

Joint that has angular motion in two planes along or across the length of an oval.

A

Ellipsoidal joint

64
Q

Joint where two surfaces fit in a concave/convex manner, the motion permits angular movement and circumduction, but not rotation…its like twiddling your thumbs!

A

Saddle joint

65
Q

Joint where the rounded end of one bone is nestled in the cup-shaped depression of another bone which provides all ranges of motion, such as your hips and shoulders.

A

Ball and Socket joints.

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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