Bones of the Lower Limb and Joints Flashcards
Commonly called the thighbone, its the longest and heaviest bone in the body.
Femur
Commonly called the kneecap, this bone does not articulate directly with any other bone…in fact, its suspended in place by ligaments & tendons
Patella
Commonly called the shinbone, this is a large, medial bone of the lower leg.
Tibia
This bone is slender and found in the lower leg.
Fibula
Another name for your ankle
Tarsus
The name of the bones in the ankle
Tarsal bones
The number of tarsal bones
7
The only tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula
Talus
The heel bone
Calcaneus
The bones in the foot
Metatarsals
The bones that make up the toes
Phalanges
The big toe
Hallux
The structures of the femur that form the knee joint
Lateral and Medial condyles
The site on the femur where muscles attach
Linea aspera
This is the structure of the tibia that form the knee joint
Lateral and medial condyles
This connects the patella to the tibia
Patellar ligament
This part of the tibia provides medial support for the ankle
Medial malleolus
This bone does not articulate with the femur, but does articulate with the ankle at the lateral malleolus providing stability to the ankle.
Fibula
Your achilles tendon attaches to this bone
Calcaneus
Another name for joints
Articulations
Joints are a compromise between strength/stability and
Movement
The three types of joints are
Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
This type of joint does not move, such as the sutures in your skull.
Synarthrosis joints
This type of joint are slightly moveable, such as the symphysis between pubic bones.
Amphiarthrosis joints
Synovial joints, which are free moving, are considered this type of joint.
Diarthrosis joints
Synovial joints are surrounded by a..
Joint capsule
The inner surface of a synovial joint is lined with a..
Synovial membrane
This fills a synovial joint and provides lubrication.
Synovial fluid
These are found in some synovial joints and are cartilage pads for shock absorption.
Menisci (meniscus, singular)
These are found in some synovial joints and provide protection for articular cartilages and acts as a packing material.
Fat pads
These play significant roles in the function of synovial joints…they connect one bone to the other.
Ligaments
These are found where tendons and ligaments rub against other tissue…they have extra synovial fluid and help reduce friction.
Bursae (bursa, singular)
The pelvis is actually these 3 bones
Hips, sacrum, and coccyx
These bones articulate with the thighbones and are weight bearing & provide locomotion
Hip bones
Another name for hip bones
Ossa Coxae
The three bones of the hip
Ilium, ischium, and pubis
Where muscles attach to the hip
Iliac crest
Where the two pubic bones articulate
Pubis symphysis
Where the femur articulates with the hip
Acetabulum
Three major movement types of joints
Gliding, Angular, and Rotation
This joint movement is slight…from side to side.
Gliding
This motion reduces the angle.
Flexion
This motion increases the angle
Extension
This is extension past the anatomical position.
Hyperextension
Movement away from the longitudinal plane.
Abduction
Movement back toward the longitudinal plane.
Adduction
An agular motion that forms a loop.
Circumduction
Motion of turning the limb around the longitudinal axis.
Rotation
Rotation of the forearm that makes the palm face posteriorly.
Pronation
Rotation of the forearm that makes the palm face anteriorly.
Supination
A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward.
Inversion
A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole outward.
Eversion
Flexion of the ankle and elevation of the sole of the foot…like digging in your heel.
Dorsiflexion
Extension of the ankle that elevates the heel…like when you stand on tip-toe.
Plantar flexion
Movement of the tomb toward the palm or fingertips.
Opposition
Movement of a body part anteriorly in the horizontal plane.
Protraction
Movement of a body part posteriorly in the horizontal plane.
Retraction
Movement of a part to a superior position.
Elevation
Movement of a part to a inferior position.
Depression
Joint that a light sliding motion, such as your clavicle.
Gliding joint
Joint that has an angular motion in a single plane, such as your elbow or knee.
Hinge joint
Joint that permits rotation (especially side to side motion), such as your atlas and axis.
Pivot joint
Joint that has angular motion in two planes along or across the length of an oval.
Ellipsoidal joint
Joint where two surfaces fit in a concave/convex manner, the motion permits angular movement and circumduction, but not rotation…its like twiddling your thumbs!
Saddle joint
Joint where the rounded end of one bone is nestled in the cup-shaped depression of another bone which provides all ranges of motion, such as your hips and shoulders.
Ball and Socket joints.
