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Anatomy & Physiology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Skeletal System

A 
Support
Protection
Movement
Storage
Blood cell fomation
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2
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft, makes up bone’s length, composed of compact bone

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3
Q

Periosteum

A

Fibrous connective tissue membrane covering diaphysis

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4
Q

Perforating fibers (Sharpey’s fibers)

A

Connective tissue fibers securing periosteum to underlying bone

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5
Q

Epiphyses

A

Ends of long bone

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6
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Glassy hyaline cartilage that covers external surface of epiphyses

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7
Q

Epiphyseal plate/line

A

Plate: flat plate of hyaline cartilage found in young, growing bone; changes to line once no longer growing

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8
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Cavity of shaft filled with yellow marrow, storage for adipose tissue

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9
Q

Bone markings

A

Shows where muscles, tendons and ligaments were attached and where blood vessels and nerves passed.
Projections/processes: grow out from a bone surface
Depressions/cavities: indentations in the bone

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10
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Bone breaks into many fractures

Common in older people

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11
Q

Compression fracture

A

Bone is crushed

Common in porous bones (older people)

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12
Q

Depressed fracture

A

Broken bone portion is pressed inward

Typical of skull fracture

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13
Q

Impacted fracture

A

Broken bone ends are forced into each other

When trying to break a fall with outstretched arms

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14
Q

Spiral fracture

A

Excessive twisting forces causes ragged break

Common in sports injuries

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15
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Bone breaks incompletely

Common in children (bones are more flexible)

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16
Q

Bones of the skull (12)

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, nasal, lacrimal, mandible, maxilla, zygomatic, palatine

17
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A
  • 7
  • Contains atlas and axis (C1, C2)
  • Smallest, lightest vertebrae
  • Short spinous process
  • Transverse process contain foramina
18
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A
  • 12
  • Larger than cervical
  • Articulate with ribs
  • Bodies are heart-shaped
  • Spinous process points down
19
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A
  • 5
  • Massive, block-like bodies
  • Sturdiest of vertebrae
  • Bodies are kidney-bean shaped
  • Short, hatchet-shaped spinous processes
20
Q

Primary curvature

A

Thoracic and sacral regions.

Exists when born.

21
Q

Secondary curvature

A

Cervical and lumbar regions.

Develops later.

22
Q

Scoliosis

A

Spine sticks out laterally to one side

23
Q

Kyphosis

A

Hunchback; thoracic curvature is more posterior than it should be

24
Q

Lordosis

A

Inward curvature of the lumbar region (more anterior than it should be)

25
Q

Bones of pelvic girdle (3)

A

Ilium
Pubis
Ischium

26
Q

Bones of shoulder girdle (2)

A

Clavicle

Scapula

27
Q

Upper limb bones (6)

A 
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
28
Q

Lower limb bones (9)

A 
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Calcaneus
Talus
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
29
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Level of movement: synarthrosis and amphiarthrosis

Types: sutures, syndesmosis, gomphosis

30
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Level of movement: synarthrosis and amphiarthrosis

Types: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage

31
Q

Synovial joints

A

Level of movement: freely movable

Types: plane/gliding, hinge, pivot, saddle, condylar/ellipsoid, ball and socket

32
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immobile

33
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly mobile

34
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of the bursae or synovial membrane

35
Q

Sprain

A

Ligaments or tendons are damaged by excessive stretching, or torn away from bone

36
Q

Arthritis

A

Describes >100 different inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage joints, symptoms are pain, stiffness, swelling of joint

37
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Chronic degenerative condition affecting the aged, aka “wear-and-tear arthritis,” slow and irreversible but rarely crippling

38
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Chronic inflammatory disorder w/ onset age 40-50, autoimmune disease

39
Q

Gouty arthritis

A

Uric acid accumulates in blood and is deposited as needle-shaped crystals in soft tissues of joints

Anatomy & Physiology (21 decks)

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