Skeletal System

Question 1

Functions of Skeletal System

Answer 1

Support
Protection
Movement
Storage
Blood cell fomation

Question 2

Diaphysis

Answer 2

Shaft, makes up bone’s length, composed of compact bone

Question 3

Periosteum

Answer 3

Fibrous connective tissue membrane covering diaphysis

Question 4

Perforating fibers (Sharpey’s fibers)

Answer 4

Connective tissue fibers securing periosteum to underlying bone

Question 5

Epiphyses

Answer 5

Ends of long bone

Question 6

Articular cartilage

Answer 6

Glassy hyaline cartilage that covers external surface of epiphyses

Question 7

Epiphyseal plate/line

Answer 7

Plate: flat plate of hyaline cartilage found in young, growing bone; changes to line once no longer growing

Question 8

Medullary cavity

Answer 8

Cavity of shaft filled with yellow marrow, storage for adipose tissue

Question 9

Bone markings

Answer 9

Shows where muscles, tendons and ligaments were attached and where blood vessels and nerves passed.
Projections/processes: grow out from a bone surface
Depressions/cavities: indentations in the bone

Question 10

Comminuted fracture

Answer 10

Bone breaks into many fractures

Common in older people

Question 11

Compression fracture

Answer 11

Bone is crushed

Common in porous bones (older people)

Question 12

Depressed fracture

Answer 12

Broken bone portion is pressed inward

Typical of skull fracture

Question 13

Impacted fracture

Answer 13

Broken bone ends are forced into each other

When trying to break a fall with outstretched arms

Question 14

Spiral fracture

Answer 14

Excessive twisting forces causes ragged break

Common in sports injuries

Question 15

Greenstick fracture

Answer 15

Bone breaks incompletely

Common in children (bones are more flexible)

Question 16

Bones of the skull (12)

Answer 16

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, nasal, lacrimal, mandible, maxilla, zygomatic, palatine

Question 17

Cervical vertebrae

Answer 17

• 7
• Contains atlas and axis (C1, C2)
• Smallest, lightest vertebrae
• Short spinous process
• Transverse process contain foramina

Question 18

Thoracic vertebrae

Answer 18

• 12
• Larger than cervical
• Articulate with ribs
• Bodies are heart-shaped
• Spinous process points down

Question 19

Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 19

• 5
• Massive, block-like bodies
• Sturdiest of vertebrae
• Bodies are kidney-bean shaped
• Short, hatchet-shaped spinous processes

Question 20

Primary curvature

Answer 20

Thoracic and sacral regions.

Exists when born.

Question 21

Secondary curvature

Answer 21

Cervical and lumbar regions.

Develops later.

Question 22

Scoliosis

Answer 22

Spine sticks out laterally to one side

Question 23

Kyphosis

Answer 23

Hunchback; thoracic curvature is more posterior than it should be

Question 24

Lordosis

Answer 24

Inward curvature of the lumbar region (more anterior than it should be)

Question 25

Bones of pelvic girdle (3)

Answer 25

Ilium Pubis Ischium

Question 26

Bones of shoulder girdle (2)

Answer 26

Clavicle | Scapula

Question 27

Upper limb bones (6)

Answer 27

``` Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges ```

Question 28

Lower limb bones (9)

Answer 28

``` Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Calcaneus Talus Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges ```

Question 29

Fibrous joints

Answer 29

Level of movement: synarthrosis and amphiarthrosis | Types: sutures, syndesmosis, gomphosis

Question 30

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 30

Level of movement: synarthrosis and amphiarthrosis | Types: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage

Question 31

Synovial joints

Answer 31

Level of movement: freely movable | Types: plane/gliding, hinge, pivot, saddle, condylar/ellipsoid, ball and socket

Question 32

Synarthrosis

Answer 32

Immobile

Question 33

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 33

Slightly mobile

Question 34

Bursitis

Answer 34

Inflammation of the bursae or synovial membrane

Question 35

Sprain

Answer 35

Ligaments or tendons are damaged by excessive stretching, or torn away from bone

Question 36

Arthritis

Answer 36

Describes >100 different inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage joints, symptoms are pain, stiffness, swelling of joint

Question 37

Osteoarthritis

Answer 37

Chronic degenerative condition affecting the aged, aka "wear-and-tear arthritis," slow and irreversible but rarely crippling

Question 38

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 38

Chronic inflammatory disorder w/ onset age 40-50, autoimmune disease

Question 39

Gouty arthritis

Answer 39

Uric acid accumulates in blood and is deposited as needle-shaped crystals in soft tissues of joints