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Anatomy & Physiology > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Parietal pleura around inside of thoracic cavity, visceral pleura around lungs

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2
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Between parietal layer and visceral layer of serous pericardium

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3
Q

Pericardium

A

Double-walled sac enclosing the heart

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4
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle layer of heart wall, thick bundles of cardiac muscle in ringlike arrangements

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5
Q

Intercalated discs

A

Gap junctions between cardiac cells, each is directly connected to the cell next to it

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6
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Between heart and lungs

  • arteries, away from the heart, are deoxygenated
  • veins, returning to the heart, are oxygenated
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7
Q

Systemic circuit

A

Between heart and organs of body

  • arteries, away from heart, are oxygenated
  • veins, returning to heart, are deoxygenated
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8
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A
  1. Right AV valve, tricuspid valve

2. Left AV valve, bicuspid/mitral valve

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9
Q

Chordae tendinae and papillary muscle

A

Anchor cusps to walls of ventricles, prevent cusps from swinging back into aorta when ventricles contract

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10
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Blood goes through these on its way out of the heart.

  • Pulmonary semilunar valve
  • Aortic semilunar valve
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11
Q

Path of blood through heart

A
  1. Superior or inferior vena cava
  2. Right atrium
  3. Right AV/tricuspid valve
  4. Right ventricle
  5. Pulmonary semilunar valve
  6. Pulmonary trunk/arteries
  7. Lungs
  8. Pulmonary veins
  9. Left atrium
  10. Left AV/bicuspid valve
  11. Left ventricle
  12. Aortic semilunar valve
  13. Aorta
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12
Q

Initial Stimuli that affect Stroke Volume

A 
Crisis Stressors
Low Blood pressure
High blood pressure or blood volume
Exercise
Decreased blood volume (hemorrhage)
Hormones (epinephrine, thyroxine)
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13
Q

Initial Stimuli that increase Heart Rate

A 
Sympathetic nervous system
- Crisis
- Low blood pressure
Hormones
- Epinephrine 
- Thyroxine
Exercise
Decreased Blood Volume
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14
Q

Initial Stimuli that can increase blood pressure

A 
Decreased blood volume
Exercise
Postural changes
Chemicals (renin, nicotine, and others)
Increased blood viscosity
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15
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A
  1. Mid-to-late diastole
  2. Ventricular systole
  3. Early diastole
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16
Q

Initial Stimuli that decrease Heart Rate

A

Parasympathetic nervous system
High blood pressure or high blood volume
- Carotid pulse and exercise
Decreased venous return

Anatomy & Physiology (21 decks)

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