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Anatomy & Physiology > Endocrine Glands & Hormones > Flashcards

Endocrine Glands & Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Growth hormone (GH)

A
  • Anterior pituitary
  • Non-tropic
  • Stimulates growth in long bones and skeletal muscles
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2
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

A
  • Anterior pituitary
  • Non-tropic
  • Stimulates milk production in breast tissue after childbirth
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3
Q

Adrinocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A
  • Anterior pituitary
  • Tropic
  • Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
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4
Q

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A
  • Anterior pituitary
  • Tropic
  • Stimulates the thyroid gland’s growth and activity
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5
Q

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A
  • Anterior pituitary
  • Tropic
  • Stimulates production of ova and sperm in the ovaries and testes
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6
Q

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A
  • Anterior pituitary
  • Tropic
  • Triggers ovulation in females, stimulates testosterone production in males
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7
Q

Oxytocin

A
  • Posterior pituitary

- Causes contraction of uterus and milk ejection, breast “let-down” reflex

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8
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A
  • Posterior pituitary
  • promotes water reabsorption and retention by the kidneys
  • inhibits urine production
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9
Q

Calcitonin

A
  • Thyroid

- Reduces blood calcium levels

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10
Q

Thyroid Hormone (T3 and T4)

A
  • Thyroid

- Stimulates metabolism

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11
Q

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A
  • Parathyroid

- Raises blood calcium levels

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12
Q

Epinephrine (adrenaline) & Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

A
  • Adrenal medulla
  • Raises blood glucose levels, increases rate of metabolism, constricts some blood vessels
  • Response to short-term stressors (fight or flight)
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13
Q

Mineralocorticoids

A
  • Adrenal cortex, zona glomerulosa (outer layer)
  • E.g., Aldosterone
  • Targets the kidneys to bring salt in (and therefore water)
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14
Q

Glucocorticoids

A
  • Adrenal cortex, zona fasiculata (middle layer)
  • E.g., cortisol, cortisone
  • Promotes normal cell metabolism, increase blood glucose levels
  • Reduces long-term stressors
  • Released in response to increased blood levels of ACTH
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15
Q

Gonadocorticoids (sex hormones)

A
  • Adrenal cortex, zona reticularis (inner layer)
  • Mainly androgens produced but some estrogens too
  • Small amounts made throughout life
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16
Q

Insulin

A
  • Pancreas

- Reduces blood glucose levels

17
Q

Glucagon

A
  • Pancreas

- Raises blood glucose levels

18
Q

Melatonin

A
  • Pineal gland
  • Helps establish sleep/wake cycles
  • Coordinates hormones of fertility
19
Q

Anterior pituitary

A
  • Hanging from hypothalamus
  • Epithelial (glandular) tissue
  • Growth hormone (GH)
  • Prolactin (PRL)
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
20
Q

Posterior pituitary

A
  • Hanging from hypothalamus
  • neural tissue
  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
  • Oxytocin
21
Q

Thyroid

A
  • Base of throat, inferior to Adam’s Apple
  • Thyroid hormone (T3 and T4)
  • Calcitonin
22
Q

Parathyroid

A
  • Posterior surface of thyroid

- Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

23
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A
  • Adrenal glands are bean shaped, curve over top of kidneys

- Epinephrine, norepinephrine

24
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A
  • Adrenal glands are bean shaped, curve over top of kidneys

3 layers
Inner (zona reticularis): gonadocorticoids (sex hormones - androgens, estrogens)
Middle (zona fasiculata): glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortizone)
Outer (zona glomerulosa): mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)

25
Q

Pancreas

A
  • Close to stomach in abdominal cavity
  • Insulin
  • Glucagon
26
Q

Hypo/hypersecretion of Growth Hormone

A

Hyposecretion: pituitary dwarfism in childhood

Hypersecretion: gigantism in childhood, agromegaly in adulthood

27
Q

Hyposecretion of ADH

A

Hyposecretion: Diabetes insipidus

28
Q

Hypo/hypersecretion of thyroxine (T4)

A

Hyposecretion: cretinism in children, myxedema in adults

Hypersecretion: results FROM Graves’ disease and other hyperthyroidisms

29
Q

Hypo/hypersecretion of PTH

A

Hyposecretion: tetany

Hypersecretion: extreme bone wasting and fractures

30
Q

Hypo/hypersecretion of Adrenal cortex hormones

A

Hypoactivity: Addison’s disease

Hypersecretion: hyperaldosteronism, Cushing’s disease, and/or masculinization

31
Q

Hypersecretion of Adrenal medulla hormones

A

Hypersecretion: symptons typical of sympathetic nervous system overactivity

32
Q

Hyposecretion of insulin

A

Hyposecretion: diabetes mellatus (severly disturbs body metabolism)

33
Q

Hyposecretion of gonadal hormones

A

Hyposecretion: infertility (in males and females both)

Anatomy & Physiology (21 decks)

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