Muscles

Question 1

Diaphragm

Answer 1

Dome-shaped muscle separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
Assists in breathing (contraction increases the volume of the thorax and inflates the lungs). Hiccups.

Question 2

Epicranius, frontal belly

Answer 2

Covers frontal bone.

Allows raising of eyebrows and wrinkling forehead.

Question 3

Intercostals, external

Answer 3

Found between the ribs.

Help to raise the rib cage when inhaling.

Question 4

Masseter

Answer 4

Covers angle of lower jaw.

Closes the jaw by elevating the mandible.

Question 5

Obliques, external

Answer 5

Paired superficial muscles, make up lateral walls of abdomen.
Flexes and rotates vertebral column.

Question 6

Obliques, internal

Answer 6

Paired muscles deep to the external obliques.

Same function as externals (flexes and rotates vertebral column).

Question 7

Orbicularis oris

Answer 7

Circular muscle of the lips.

Closes mouth and protrudes lips.

Question 8

Orbicularis oculi

Answer 8

Fibers that run in circles around eyes.

Allows blinking, squinting, winking, closing eyes.

Question 9

Pectoralis major

Answer 9

Fan-shaped muscle covering the upper part of the chest, forms anterior wall of axilla.
Adducts and flexes humerus.

Question 10

Pectoralis minor

Answer 10

Deep to the pectoralis major.

Draws down the scapula or raises the ribs.

Question 11

Rectus abdominus

Answer 11

Most superficial muscles of abdomen.

Flexes vertebral column.

Question 12

Serratus anterior

Answer 12

Passes between scapula and rib cage.

Protraction and superior rotation of scapula, holds scapula against thoracic wall.

Question 13

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 13

Paired two-headed muscles connecting the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process.
Flexes neck, rotates head.

Question 14

Temporalis

Answer 14

Fan shaped, overlies temporal bone.

Synergist of masseter in closing the jaw.

Question 15

Trapezius

Answer 15

Most superficial muscles of posterior neck and upper trunk.

Extends the neck, adducts scapula.

Question 16

Transversus abdominus

Answer 16

Deepest muscle of abdominal wall, runs horizontally across abdomen.
Compresses abdominal contents.

Question 17

Zygomaticus

Answer 17

Corner of mouth to cheekbone.

Raises corners of mouth upwards (smiles).

Question 18

Epicranius, occipital belly

Answer 18

Covers posterior aspect of skull.

Pulls scalp posteriorly.

Question 19

Intercostals, internal

Answer 19

Between the ribs and deep to the external intercostals.

Depress rib cage (forcible exhalation).

Question 20

Adductor longus

Answer 20

Forms muscle mass at medial side of thigh.

Adducts thigh, flexes hip, medially rotates leg/hip.

Question 21

Biceps brachii

Answer 21

Bulges when elbow is flexed.

Elbow flexion (lifts the radius) and forearm supination.

Question 22

Biceps femoris

Answer 22

Hamstring group, forms the muscle mass of the posterior thigh.

Flexes knee, extends hip, laterally rotates hip.

Question 23

Brachialis

Answer 23

Deep to the biceps brachii.
Elbow flexion (lifts the ulna)

Question 24

Brachioradialis

Answer 24

Weak muscle, resides in the forearm.

Elbow flexion.

Question 25

Deltoid

Answer 25

Fleshy triangle-shaped muscles that form the rounded shape of the shoulder. Abducts and rotates arm.

Question 26

Gastrocnemius

Answer 26

Two-bellied muscle that forms the calf. Plantar flexion of foot and flexion of knee.

Question 27

Gluteus Maximus

Answer 27

Superficial muscle of the hip, forms most of the flesh of the buttock. Abducts thigh, extends hip (when forceful extension is required), and laterally rotates leg/hip.

Question 28

Gluteus Medius

Answer 28

Runs from ilium to femur, beneath gluteus maximus. Abducts thigh, medially rotates leg/hip, steadies pelvis during walking.

Question 29

Gracilis

Answer 29

Adducts thigh, flexes knee, medially rotates leg/hip.

Question 30

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 30

Two large flat muscles that cover the lower back. Extends and abducts humerus.

Question 31

Pectineus

Answer 31

Adducts thigh, flexes hip, medially rotates leg/hip.

Question 32

Rectus femoris

Answer 32

Quadriceps group, fleshes out the anterior thigh. Extends knee, flexes hip.

Question 33

Sartorius

Answer 33

Thin, straplike, most superficial muscle of the thigh. Flexes hip and knee, laterally rotates hip. (Acts as synergist to bring about cross-legged position.)

Question 34

Semimembranosus

Answer 34

Hamstring group, forms the muscle mass of the posterior thigh. Flexes knee, extends hip, medially rotates leg/hip.

Question 35

Semitendinosus

Answer 35

Hamstring group, forms the muscle mass of the posterior thigh. Flexes knee, extends hip, medially rotates leg/hip.

Question 36

Soleus

Answer 36

Deep to the gastrocnemius. Plantar flexion of foot.

Question 37

Tensor fasciae latae

Answer 37

Flexes and medially rotates hip; steadies trunk on thigh while standing.

Question 38

Tibialis anterior

Answer 38

Superficial muscle on the anterior leg. Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot.

Question 39

Triceps brachii

Answer 39

Three-headed muscle, fleshes out the posterior humerus. Antagonist of biceps brachii. Extends elbow.

Question 40

Vastus intermedius

Answer 40

Deep to rectus femoris. Extends knee.

Question 41

Vastus lateralis

Answer 41

Quadriceps group, fleshes out the anterior thigh. Extends knee.

Question 42

Vastus medialis

Answer 42

Quadriceps group, fleshes out the anterior thigh. Extends knee.