Nervous System

Question 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 2

Nerves and ganglia outside of the CNS; function is to connect CNS to limbs and organs

Question 3

Neurons

Answer 3

Specialized cells that transmit messages from one part of the body to another

Question 4

Supporting cells

Answer 4

Neuroglia, or glia (glial cells).

Support, insulate, and protect neurons.

Question 5

Cell body

Answer 5

Metabolic center of neuron, conspicuous nucleolus

Question 6

Dendrites

Answer 6

Neuron processes that convey incoming messages toward the cell body

Question 7

Axon

Answer 7

Neuron processes that generate nerve impulses and conduct them away from the cell body

Question 8

Myelin Sheath

Answer 8

Whitish, fatty, waxy-looking covering for long nerve fibers.

Protect and insulate fiber and increase the transmission rate of nerve impulses.

Question 9

Synapse

Answer 9

Functional junction where impulses are generated by axons

Question 10

Parts of Cerebrum

Answer 10

Cerebral cortex
Lobes (frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital)
Corpus callosum
Left & right hemispheres
Sulci & gyri

Question 11

Parts of Diencephalon

Answer 11

Thalamus
Hyopthalamus
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland

Question 12

Parts of Brain Stem

Answer 12

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

Question 13

Parts of Cerebellum

Answer 13

Cerebellar cortex
Arbor Vitae
Left, right hemispheres

Question 14

Major regions of the brain

Answer 14

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Brain Stem

Question 15

Structures that provide protection for the brain

Answer 15

Meninges
Cerebrospinal fluid
Blood-brain barrier

Question 16

Meninges

Answer 16

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia matter

Connective tissue membranes covering and protecting structures of CNS

Question 17

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 17

Watery fluid similar to blood plasma. Forms a cushion around brain and spinal cord, protects nervous tissue from blows and trauma.

Question 18

Blood-brain barrier

Answer 18

Keeps neurons separated from bloodborne substances, composed of least permeable capillaries in the body

Question 19

Ventricle

Answer 19

Chamber formed from an enlarged section of central canal. There are 4 in the brain.

Question 20

Conus medullaris

Answer 20

Cone at the end of the spinal cord, near L1 and L2

Question 21

Cauda equina

Answer 21

Inferior spinal nerve roots (lumbar, sacral, coccygeal); they must travel inferiorly within the vertebral canal to reach the intervertebral foramina.

Question 22

Grey matter

Answer 22

Consists of nerve cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, glial cells.

Question 23

White matter funiculi

Answer 23

Specialized tracks in the spinal cord for carrying information quickly to the brain

Question 24

Dorsal Root Ganglion

Answer 24

Located along dorsal root, contains cell bodies of sensory neurons

Question 25

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 25

31

Question 26

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 26

12

Question 27

Axon terminal

Answer 27

When stimulated by the axon, they release neurotransmitters into the extracellular space of the synaptic cleft.

Question 28

Central canal

Answer 28

Canal enclosing spinal cord

Question 29

Protective structures found around the spinal cord

Answer 29

Meninges, dendiculate ligaments, adipose tissue, vertebrae, cerebrospinal fluid