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BMS 300 > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of long bones

A

movement

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2
Q

what is the function of short bones

A

support

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3
Q

what is the function of flat bones

A

protection

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4
Q

how to describe sesamoid bones

A

seed like/ small and round

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5
Q

how to describe irregular bones

A

complex shape

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6
Q

where are sutural bones located

A

in skull

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7
Q

what type of bone is at the ends of bones

A

trabecular

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8
Q

what type of bone is in the middle of bones

A

compact

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9
Q

is compact bone or trabecular bone more porous

A

trabecular

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10
Q

what is the wider end of a long bone called

A

epiphysis

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11
Q

what is the tubular shaft of a long bone called

A

diaphysis

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12
Q

what is the part of the long bone that connects the epiphysis and dialysis

A

metaphysis

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13
Q

where is the epiphyseal plate located

A

metaphysis

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14
Q

what does the epiphysis contain

A

red bone marrow

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15
Q

what does the diaphysis contain

A

yellow bone marrow (adipose)

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16
Q

what is the epiphyseal plate

A

growing plate

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17
Q

what is the growing plate made up of

A

hyaline cartilage

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18
Q

what is the structural unit of compact bone

A

osteon

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19
Q

what are the rings in osteons

A

lamallae

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20
Q

where are osteocytes located

A

lacunae

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21
Q

what are the branches in lacunae called

A

canaliculi (river canals)

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22
Q

what do canaliculi do

A

transport nutrients and communicate

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23
Q

what are the 4 ways osteocytes communicate

A

focal adhesion, gap junctions, cytoskeletons, ion channels

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24
Q

what is the outer layer of compact bone called

A

periosteum

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25
Q

what are the 2 layers of the periosteum

A

fibrous and cellular

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26
Q

what are the 3 cells found in the periosteum

A

osteoblasts, fibroblasts, skeletal stem cells

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27
Q

where do tendons and ligaments attach

A

periosteum

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28
Q

what is the main purpose of spongy bone

A

provides structure

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29
Q

how is the web in spongy bone characterized

A

it’s not random

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30
Q

what is the inner layer of compact bone called

A

endosteum

31
Q

what does the endosteum line

A

medullary cavity

32
Q

what is the medullary cavity

A

hollow space in bones

33
Q

how are osteocytes formed

A

osteogenic cell –> osteoblasts –> osteocytes

34
Q

what causes osteogenic cells to form

A

increase in mitotic activity

35
Q

what is the matrix that surrounds osteoblasts and makes them turn into osteocytes

A

collagen and calcium matrix

36
Q

what 2 things form osteoclasts

A

monocytes and macrophages

37
Q

what makes long bones

A

endochondrial ossification

38
Q

what do mesenchymal cells turn into in endochondrial ossification

A

chondrocytes

39
Q

what covers cartilage in endochondrial ossification

A

perichondrium

40
Q

what happens as the matrix increases in endochondrial ossification

A

chondrocytes grow

41
Q

what happens to the matrix eventually in endochondrial ossification

A

it calcifies and dies

42
Q

what happens once blood vessels invade the space in endochondrial ossification

A

they carry osteogenic cells

43
Q

what happens when chondrocytes grow at the ends of bones

A

epiphysis is formed

44
Q

what CT forms bones in intramembranous ossification

A

mesenchymal CT

45
Q

what forms when osteoblasts cluster in intramembranous ossification

A

ossification center

46
Q

what happens to osteoblasts when matrix calcifies in intramembranous ossification

A

they’re trapped

47
Q

what happens when osteoblasts become trapped in intramembranous ossification

A

they turn into osteocytes

48
Q

what does new osteoblasts on the surface create in intramembranous ossification

A

periosteum layer

49
Q

what is formed when trabecular bone crowds the blood vessels

A

RBC are formed

50
Q

what happens in secondary ossification

A

epiphysis grows bone

51
Q

where does the growth of long bone occur

A

metaphysis

52
Q

what is formed that causes the epiphyseal side to grow

A

cartilage

53
Q

what is formed that causes the diaphysial side to grow

A

bone

54
Q

what is the reserve zone

A

small chondrocytes that don’t participate in growth

55
Q

what does the reserve zone secure

A

epiphysis

56
Q

what kind of growth stops in adulthood

A

longitudinal

57
Q

what do chondrocytes do to bone growth in adulthood

A

cease proliferation

58
Q

what does bone replace during bone growth in adulthood

A

cartilage

59
Q

how do bones grow in diameter via osteoclasts

A

osteoclasts reabsorb old bone

60
Q

how do bones grow in diameter via osteoblasts

A

osteoblasts produce new tissue beneath the periosteum

61
Q

what is the master regulator in bone growth

A

osteocytes

62
Q

out of RANK, RANKL, OPG, SOST what do osteocytes make

A

RANKL, OPG, SOST

63
Q

what is RANK

A

receptor on osteoclast

64
Q

what does RANK bind to

A

RANKL

65
Q

what causes bone formation in the RANK system

A

RANKL and OPG

66
Q

what does SOST do

A

inhibits bone formation or reabsorption

67
Q

what is osteoporosis

A

low bone mass

68
Q

what is the proliferative zone

A

stacks of chondrocytes

69
Q

how are chondrocytes made in proliferative zone

A

mitosis

70
Q

what happens to the chondrocytes in the zone of maturation and hypertrophy

A

they get older and larger

71
Q

what happens to chondrocytes in zone of calcified matrix

A

they die

72
Q

what happens to capillaries and osteoblasts in zone of calcified matrix

A

they penetrate and secrete bone tissue

73
Q

what does the zone of ossification connect

A

epiphyseal plate to diaphysis

74
Q

what causes bone to grow in zone of ossification

A

osseous tissue is added to diaphysis

BMS 300 (14 decks)

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