Cell junctions and tissues Flashcards
what are the 3 types of cell junctions
anchoring, gap, tight
what do tight junctions contain
claudins (cats have tight claws)
what do gap junctions contain
connexions (gap in the cone)
what are the 4 types of anchoring junctions
adherens, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, focal adhesions
what type of anchoring junctions are cadherins
adherens and desmosomes
what type of anchoring junctions are integrins
hemidesmosomes and focal adhesions (has an i in it)
what type of junction is integrins and cadherins
anchoring
what type of anchoring junctions is actin responsible for
adherens and focal adhesions (actin - starts with a)
what type of anchoring junctions is intermediate filaments responsible for
desmosomes and hemidesmosomes (SOME words are just long)
what are cadherins dependent on
calcium
what is cell to cell communication called
gap junctions
what is a singular connexon called
connexin (i looks like a 1)
what cell junction connects the cytoplasm
gap junctions
how do connexons differ
in permeability
what cell junctions hold cells together and are leak proof
tight junctions
what cell junctions fuse adjacent membranes
tight junctions
what are the main transmembrane proteins
claudins
what happens when the claudins let bad stuff in
tumorigenesis
how do claudins let bad stuff in
impaired barrier function
what recovers claudins
probiotics
what cell junctions adheres cells to other cells
anchoring junctions
what do anchoring junctions provide
strong membrane
where do anchoring junctions lie
below tight junctions
what are the functions of junctions
attachment, separation, communication, cell polarity
where is simple squamous tissue found
blood vessels and body cavities (blood and open cavities make me sqeamous)
where is simple cuboidal tissue found
glandular tissue (boi my glands are acting up)
where is simple columnar tissue found
stomach and intestines (poop piles up in columns)
where is stratified squamous tissue found
epidermis (thick and flat tissue)
where is stratified cuboidal tissue found
ducts and glands
where is psuedostratified tissue found
upper respiratory
what is transitional tissue found
urinary tract
what are the 3 types of connective tissue
proper, supportive, fluid
what are the 2 types of CT proper
loose and dense
what are the 3 types of loose CT
areolar (nipples are loose), adipose (loose fat jiggle), and reticular (rectangles are loose squares)
what are the 3 types of dense CT
regular, irregular, elastic
what are the 2 types of supportive CT
cartilage and bones
what are the 3 types of cartilage
hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic
what are the 2 types of bone
compact and spongy
where is areolar CT found
under epithelial
what is the function of collagen fibers in CT
holds CT together
what is the function of elastic fibers in CT
return back to normal after stretching
what are mesenchymal cells
adult stem cells
what do mesenchymal cells differentiate for
repair
what do fibroblasts secrete to form matrix
polysaccharides and proteins
what do macrophages release
cytokines
what does the release of cytokines by macrophages cause
recruitment of more immune cells
what is the function of mast cells
kill pathogens
what is the function of microphages
attacks pathogens
what do lymphocytes develop into
antibody producing plasma cells
what are the characteristics of ground substance
clear, viscous matrix
what is the function of ground substance
absorbs shock
what is ground substance made of
proteoglycans
what do proteoglycans do
trap water
what are glycosaminoglycans made of
sugar
what is the charge of glycosaminoglycans
negative
where are proteoglycans assembled and how do they leave
assembled in the cell and leave via exocytosis
what are the two things that make up proteoglycans
polypeptide and monosaccharides
where does the elongation of glycosaminoglycans occur
trans golgi
what is the yellow part of adipose tissue called
carotene
what do capillaries store in adipose tissue
calories as fat
what is reticular tissue
mesh-like framework for organs
what is the purpose of dense CT
strength and resistance
what CT are ligaments and tendons made of
dense regular CT
what is the difference between dense irregular and dense regular
regular is parallel and irregular is random
what CT is the dermis made of
dense irregular CT
where are chondrocytes in cartilage found
lacunae
describe the collagen in hyaline cartilage
dispersed
what does hyaline cartilage do for joints
makes them moveable
describe the collagen in fibroelastic cartilage
thick bundles
what does the thick bundles of cartilage in fibroelastic cartilage cause
causes fibroelastic cartilage to be tough
how does fibroelastic cartilage effect movement
limits movement
how does elastic cartilage bend
easy
what is the structure of elastic cartilage
matrix
what is bone mostly composed of
collagen in mineralized substance
what happens to bone without collagen
bones shatter
what happens to bone without minerals
bones bend
where is lymph found
interstitial fluid
