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BMS 300 > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

what type of tissue is the epidermis composed of

A

stratified squamous

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2
Q

what are the 5 layers of the epidermis

A

corner, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale (come lets go sun bathe)

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3
Q

what are keratinocytes held together by

A

desmosomes

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4
Q

what is the main cell of the epidermis

A

keritoncytes

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5
Q

what do mitotic stem cells in the basale do

A

differentiate keratinocytes and send them up

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6
Q

what are the 4 cells in the stratum basale

A

mitotic stem cells, melanocytes, and dendric and tactile cells

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7
Q

what are tactile and dendric cells responsible for

A

touch

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8
Q

what layer of the epidermis is responsible for fingerprints

A

stratum basale

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9
Q

what layer of the epidermis are “prickle cells”

A

stratum spinosum (when someone touches your spine, you feel prickly)

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10
Q

what’s with the keratinocytes in the spinosum layer

A

irregular shaped

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11
Q

what are the most abundant cells in the stratum spinosum

A

melanin and langerhan cells

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12
Q

what is a characteristic of the cells in granulosum

A

flattened

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13
Q

what layer of the epidermis does keratinization occur

A

stratum granulosum

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14
Q

what happens during keratinization

A

cells flatten, organelles are disintegrated, and outside hardens

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15
Q

what is the reason for keratinization in granulosum

A

too far from dermis = no nutrients

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16
Q

4 functions of keratohyaline granules in granulosum

A

cell dehydration, cross-linking filaments (tight junction), keratinization, produces eiliden

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17
Q

what is the clear layer of the epidermis

A

stratum lucidum

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18
Q

what’s with the keratinocytes in the lucidum

A

2-3 of flat, dead keratinocytes

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19
Q

what is the clear appearance in lucidum due to

A

eledin

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20
Q

where is stratum lucidum found

A

thick skin

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21
Q

what is the horny layer

A

stratum corneum (horny - corny)

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22
Q

what are horny scales

A

dead keratinocytes

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23
Q

what makes the stratum corneum water resistant

A

glycoproteins

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24
Q

how long do dead cells stay in stratum corneum

A

2 weeks

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25
Q

what is the most abundant cell in the epidermis

A

keratinocytes

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26
Q

what are Merkel cells

A

touch receptors

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27
Q

what do merkel cells interact with

A

free nerve endings

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28
Q

where are langerhan cells found

A

epidermis

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29
Q

where are melanocytes found

A

between cells in basale

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30
Q

what are the vesicles that melanin lies in

A

melanosomes

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31
Q

how does melanin travel from cell to cell

A

long tubes from melanocytes

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32
Q

what is pigment donation

A

melanin entering the cell

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33
Q

what does pigment do in the cell

A

shields the nucleus

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34
Q

what do dead keratinocytes secrete

A

defensins (immune cells)

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35
Q

what causes jaundice

A

high levels of bilirubin

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36
Q

what are the 2 layers of the dermis

A

papillary and recticular

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37
Q

what layer of the dermis is more superficial

A

papillary (p in alphabet comes first)

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38
Q

what layer of the dermis is more deep

A

reticular

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39
Q

what is the tissue of the papillary layer

A

areolar CT

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40
Q

what does the areolar CT in the papillary layer contain

A

collagen and elastic fibers

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41
Q

what are the 3 components of the papillary layer

A

capillary loops, meissner corpuscles, and free nerve endings

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42
Q

what is the tissue of the recticular layer

A

dense irregular CT

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43
Q

what is the purpose of collagen

A

stretch

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44
Q

what is the purpose of elastin

A

strength

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45
Q

what are fingerprints

A

epidermal ridges that project into papillae

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46
Q

what is the purpose of fingerprints

A

surface area and friction

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47
Q

what is cleavage in the skin

A

parallel bundles/tension lines

48
Q

what are goose bumps

A

erector pili

49
Q

what are components of the dermis

A

hair follicle, sebaceous gland, sweat gland, blood vessel, erector pili

50
Q

what are the cells responsible for sustained pressure

A

merkel (erkle could sustain a laugh)

51
Q

what are the cells responsible for light pressure

A

tactile corpuscle (tacs are pushed lightly)

52
Q

what cells are responsible for deep pressure

A

lamellated corpuscle (laminating something requires deep heat)

53
Q

what cell is responsible for detecting hair being touched

A

root hair plexus

54
Q

what cell detects stretch, deformation, and warmth

A

Ruffini corpuscle

55
Q

what is tissue is the hypodermis made of

A

adipose and areolar tissue

56
Q

what is the purpose of the hypodermis

A

anchor skin to underlying tissue

57
Q

what are the 3 barriers of the integument for protection

A

chemical, physical, biological

58
Q

how does the chemical barrier work for the integument

A

pH from bacteria, and melanin from UV

59
Q

how does the physical barrier work for the integument

A

keratin and glycolipids block water

60
Q

how does the biological barrier work for the integument

A

immune cells and defensins

61
Q

what happens when the body is cold

A

dermal vessels dilate, blood circulation avoids surface

62
Q

what happens when the body is hot

A

sweat gland activate, blood circulates to surface

63
Q

what is the epidermis precursor to vitamin D synthesis

A

7 dehydrocholosterol

64
Q

what does 7 dehydrocholesterol cause to be synthesized

A

vitamin D3

65
Q

what does food intake cause to be synthesized

A

vitamin D3

66
Q

where is vitamin D2 sent

A

to the liver

67
Q

what does vitamin D3 cause to be synthesized

A

calcidiol

68
Q

where is calcidiol sent to

A

the kidneys

69
Q

what does calcidiol cause to be synthesized

A

vitamin D active form

70
Q

what are the 2 ways the integument repairs

A

regeneration and fibrosis

71
Q

what is fibrosis

A

replace damaged tissue with scare tissue

72
Q

what regenerates the worst

A

skeletal

73
Q

what regenerates the best

A

bone

74
Q

how does cardiac muscle regenerate

A

fibrosis

75
Q

what is the 1st step of wound healing

A

hemostasis

76
Q

what happens in hemostasis

A

clotting of the blood, neutrophils prevent infection

77
Q

what is the 2nd step of wound healing

A

inflammation

78
Q

what happens in inflammation

A

WBCs prevent infection

79
Q

what is the 3rd step of wound healing

A

proliferation

80
Q

what happens in proliferation

A

rebuilding of tissue

81
Q

what is the 4th step of wound healing

A

remodeling

82
Q

what are denature proteins

A

tissue damaging proteins

83
Q

what is aging most caused by

A

sun damage

84
Q

what causes thin skin during aging

A

stratum basale activity decreases

85
Q

what happens to dendritic cells in aging

A

decrease

86
Q

what happens to vitamin D in aging

A

less

87
Q

what causes someone to become paler during aging

A

less melanocytes

88
Q

what happens to glandular activity in aging

A

decreases

89
Q

what does a decrease in glandular activity cause

A

dry skin

90
Q

what causes wrinkles

A

less elastic fibers

91
Q

what causes acne

A

androgens stimulating sebaceous secretions

92
Q

what is the function of sebum

A

carries oil/dead cells to surface

93
Q

what is desquamation

A

skin shedding

94
Q

how does glycemic index affect acne

A

if it’s high, it increases acne

95
Q

how does omega 3 affect acne

A

decreases cytokines

96
Q

what does a decrease in cytokines cause

A

triggers inflammation

97
Q

what are warts

A

abnormal growth of cytokines with papillomavirus

98
Q

what is epidermolysis bullosa (EB)

A

skin blistering

99
Q

how does skin blistering occur

A

epidermis separates from basal lamina

100
Q

what is the base that cells anchor to

A

basal lamina

101
Q

what are the 3 types of EB

A

EB simplex, junctional EB, dystrophic EB

102
Q

what causes EB simplex

A

tonofilaments (tony’s just a simple guy)

103
Q

what causes junctional EB

A

hemidesmosomes (meet me at the junction heidi)

104
Q

what causes dystrophic EB

A

anchoring junctions (its catostrophic to lose the anchor)

105
Q

what is the most common kind of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma

106
Q

what is the type of cancer you can’t see

A

basal cell carcinoma

107
Q

where is squamous cell carcinoma found

A

spinosum and granulosum

108
Q

what kind of cancer has a nucleus

A

squamous cell carcinoma

109
Q

what kind of cancer is rough and bumpy

A

squamous cell carcinoma

110
Q

where is melanoma found

A

basale melanocytes

111
Q

what is the acronym for melanoma characterization

A

ABCDE

112
Q

what does A stand for in the acronym for melanoma characterization

A

asymmetry

113
Q

what does B stand for in the acronym for melanoma characterization

A

border

114
Q

what does C stand for in the acronym for melanoma characterization

A

color

115
Q

what does D stand for in the acronym for melanoma characterization

A

diameter

116
Q

what does E stand for in the acronym for melanoma characterization

A

evolving appearance

BMS 300 (14 decks)

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