Skeletal system Flashcards
Components of skeletal system
Bones, cartilage, connective tissue to stablize of connect bones, ligaments and joints
Primary function of the skeletal system
- Structural support for the entire body
- storage of minerals and lipids
- blood cell production by red bone marrow
- protection of soft tissues and organs
- leverage for body movements
General shape of bones
Long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones
What is a long bone and give an example
longer than they are wide
bones of limbs (femur in legs, humerus in arms)
what is a short bone and give an example
width and length are roughly equal
bones of wrist (carple bones)
what is a flat bone and give an example
thin and relatively broad
shoulder blades (breast bone, ribs, skull bones, hip bone)
irregular bones
complex shape
vertebrae, facial bones (maxillary, zygomatic etc
two parts of the skeleton and the number of bones each has
axial (longitudinal axial of our body) 80 bones
appendicular (attaches limbs to trunk) 126 bones
Types of bones in the axial skelton
skull
vertebral column
thoracic cage
Name of bones in skull
Occipital
Parietal
temporal
mandible
nasal
frontal
zygomatic
maxillary
sphenoid (butterfly bone)
ethmoid (voldermort)
lacrimal
palatine
Name the four sinus in the skull
Frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, maxillary
How many bones in the vertebral column and the different regions
26
C1 to 7 (cervical)
T 1 to 12 (throatic)
L1 to 4 (lumbar)
sacral
Function of vertebral column
Provides support,
-by bearing weight of head, neck and trunk and transfers weight to appendicular skeleton and lower limbs
-protect spinal cord
-maintain upright body posistion wen sitting or standing
What does the thoracic cage consit of and the number of ribs it has
Thoracic vertebra
ribs
sternum
24
True and fake ribs number and which are the floating ribs
true ribs: 1-7
False ribs 8-12
floating ribs 11-12
True and fake ribs number and which are the floating ribs
true ribs: 1-7
False ribs 8-12
floating ribs 11-12
Function of thoracic cage
-support the thoracic cavity
-protects heart, lung and other internal organs
-attachment base for muscles involved in respiration
what is the appendicular system made of
pectoral girdles (bony ring)
upper limbs
pelvic girdles
lower limbs
What happens to joint strength when mobility increases
joing strength decreases
Where are joints found
exist wherever two boens meet
Type of joint movements
gliding
angular movemnt
rotation
speical movements
What is gliding (joint movement) and give an example
when two (flat) surfaces (of bones) slide past each other
(carples, tarsals)
very slight movement
Three types of posteior- anterior angular movement
Flexion
-reduces angle between elements
Extension
-increases amgle between elements
Hyperextension
-extension past anatomical position
two type of frontal plane angular movement
abduction
-moves away from longitidunal axis (abducting means taking away)
adduction
-towards longtitudnal axis
What is the angular movement when moving your arm in a circle
circumduction
What is rotation (joint movement) and what are the two types
turning around longitudnal axis of the body
Pronation (hand turn to face down, anticlockwise, internal rotation)
Supination (hand turn to face up, clockwise, externa rotation)
Special movements and their names
Opposition: thumb movment toward finger or palm, grasping
protraction: move anteriorly in horizontal plane, pushing forward
retraction: pulling back
elevation: move in superior direction, up
depression: down
What are the name of joints
ball and socket: hip bone
hinge joint
Sutural join: connects bones of skin and face
