Carbs and Lipids

Question 1

What elements are in proteins

Answer 1

H O C N

Question 2

What elements are in carbohydrates

Answer 2

H O C

Question 3

What elements are in lipids

Answer 3

H O C

Question 4

What are the two types of chemical reaction in cells

Answer 4

Condensation (dehydration synthesis): combines small building blocks into larger molecules

Hydrolysis: breaks down large molecules into small building blocks

Question 5

Is hydrolysis catabolic or anabolic

Answer 5

Catabolic

Question 6

Is condensation catabolic or anabolic

Answer 6

anabolic

Question 7

What does catabolic + anabolic result in

Answer 7

metabolism

Question 8

What are enzymes

Answer 8

A class of proteins that acts as catalysts, ie they speed up reactions by lowering activaion energy of reaction

Question 9

What is the full name of ATP and what is it

Answer 9

Adenosine Triphosphate

It is a celluar energy that cells can use

Question 10

What is the empirical formyula of glucose

Answer 10

Empirical formula (CH2O)n, where n is 3 or more

n= 3: Triose sugar

n= 5: Pentose (5C) sugar, e.g. ribose and deoxyribose

n= 6: Hexose (6C) sugar, e.g. glucose, fructose

Question 11

What are disaccharides and give examples

Answer 11

2 monosaccharides

Example: Sucrose, lactose and maltose

Question 12

what are monosaccharides and give examples

Answer 12

1 carb molecules

Example: Glucose, galactose, fructose

Deoxyribose and ribose

Question 13

what are polysaccharides and give examples

Answer 13

more than 10 monosaccharides

example: Starch, cellulose and glycogen

Changes in terms of type of glycosidic bondss and the amount of branching in the molecule

Question 14

what are oligosaccharides

Answer 14

3-10 monosaccharides

Question 15

What are the two types of glycosidic bonds and give examples for both respectively

Answer 15

Alpha, glycogen and starch

Beta, cellulose

Question 16

What is maltose made of

Answer 16

2 glucose

Question 17

What is sucrose made of

Answer 17

1 glucose and 1 fructose

Question 18

What is lactose amde of

Answer 18

1 glucose and 1 galactose

Question 19

What are the three classes of lipids

Answer 19

Triglycerides (Fats and oils)

Phospholipids

Cholesterol and steroids

Question 20

What is the function of triglycerides

Answer 20

Serves as an energy reserve

Insulates body

Cushions organs

Acts as a carrier for fat soluble vitamins

Question 21

What is the structure of triglycerides

Answer 21

Glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains

Question 22

What are the different type of bonds in triglycerides

Answer 22

Saturated with C-C bonds and unsaturated with C=C

Question 23

What are the difference between cis and trans fats

Answer 23

Cis has kinks in the structure and is more unstable then trans that pack closer and are not as healthy, could possibly become plaque n cause thrombosis (coronary heart disease)

Question 24

What is the different betweem saturated and cis unsaturated fats

Answer 24

Saturated fats are packed closely in a regular patter and are solid fat

Cis unsaturated fats have kinks in their structure and have lower melting points, are oils

Question 25

Where can phospholipids be found

Answer 25

Forms the backbone of cell membrane

Question 26

What is the structure of a phospholipid molecule

Answer 26

2 fatty acid and one phosphate group bounded by ester bonds

Question 27

Which part is hydrophobic n hydrophillic

Answer 27

Head is hydrophilic, tail is hydrophobic

Question 28

Where are steroids dervied from

Answer 28

cholesterol

Question 29

What is the function of steroids

Answer 29

Growth, reporduction, metabolism, immunity and salt balance

Question 30

Give example of steroids

Answer 30

Sexual reproduction (Sex hormones)

Salt balance (Aldosterone)

Immunosuppression (Cortisol)

Metabolism (Cortisol)

Component of cell membrane (Cholesterol)

Synthesis of Vitamin D (Cholesterol)