Carbs and Lipids Flashcards
What elements are in proteins
H O C N
What elements are in carbohydrates
H O C
What elements are in lipids
H O C
What are the two types of chemical reaction in cells
Condensation (dehydration synthesis): combines small building blocks into larger molecules
Hydrolysis: breaks down large molecules into small building blocks
Is hydrolysis catabolic or anabolic
Catabolic
Is condensation catabolic or anabolic
anabolic
What does catabolic + anabolic result in
metabolism
What are enzymes
A class of proteins that acts as catalysts, ie they speed up reactions by lowering activaion energy of reaction
What is the full name of ATP and what is it
Adenosine Triphosphate
It is a celluar energy that cells can use
What is the empirical formyula of glucose
Empirical formula (CH2O)n, where n is 3 or more
n= 3: Triose sugar
n= 5: Pentose (5C) sugar, e.g. ribose and deoxyribose
n= 6: Hexose (6C) sugar, e.g. glucose, fructose
What are disaccharides and give examples
2 monosaccharides
Example: Sucrose, lactose and maltose
what are monosaccharides and give examples
1 carb molecules
Example: Glucose, galactose, fructose
Deoxyribose and ribose
what are polysaccharides and give examples
more than 10 monosaccharides
example: Starch, cellulose and glycogen
Changes in terms of type of glycosidic bondss and the amount of branching in the molecule
what are oligosaccharides
3-10 monosaccharides
What are the two types of glycosidic bonds and give examples for both respectively
Alpha, glycogen and starch
Beta, cellulose
What is maltose made of
2 glucose
What is sucrose made of
1 glucose and 1 fructose
What is lactose amde of
1 glucose and 1 galactose
What are the three classes of lipids
Triglycerides (Fats and oils)
Phospholipids
Cholesterol and steroids
What is the function of triglycerides
Serves as an energy reserve
Insulates body
Cushions organs
Acts as a carrier for fat soluble vitamins
What is the structure of triglycerides
Glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains
What are the different type of bonds in triglycerides
Saturated with C-C bonds and unsaturated with C=C
What are the difference between cis and trans fats
Cis has kinks in the structure and is more unstable then trans that pack closer and are not as healthy, could possibly become plaque n cause thrombosis (coronary heart disease)
What is the different betweem saturated and cis unsaturated fats
Saturated fats are packed closely in a regular patter and are solid fat
Cis unsaturated fats have kinks in their structure and have lower melting points, are oils
Where can phospholipids be found
Forms the backbone of cell membrane
What is the structure of a phospholipid molecule
2 fatty acid and one phosphate group bounded by ester bonds
Which part is hydrophobic n hydrophillic
Head is hydrophilic, tail is hydrophobic
Where are steroids dervied from
cholesterol
What is the function of steroids
Growth, reporduction, metabolism, immunity and salt balance
Give example of steroids
Sexual reproduction (Sex hormones)
Salt balance (Aldosterone)
Immunosuppression (Cortisol)
Metabolism (Cortisol)
Component of cell membrane (Cholesterol)
Synthesis of Vitamin D (Cholesterol)
