Carbs and Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What elements are in proteins

A

H O C N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What elements are in carbohydrates

A

H O C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What elements are in lipids

A

H O C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two types of chemical reaction in cells

A

Condensation (dehydration synthesis): combines small building blocks into larger molecules

Hydrolysis: breaks down large molecules into small building blocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is hydrolysis catabolic or anabolic

A

Catabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is condensation catabolic or anabolic

A

anabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does catabolic + anabolic result in

A

metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are enzymes

A

A class of proteins that acts as catalysts, ie they speed up reactions by lowering activaion energy of reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the full name of ATP and what is it

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

It is a celluar energy that cells can use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the empirical formyula of glucose

A

Empirical formula (CH2O)n, where n is 3 or more

n= 3: Triose sugar

n= 5: Pentose (5C) sugar, e.g. ribose and deoxyribose

n= 6: Hexose (6C) sugar, e.g. glucose, fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are disaccharides and give examples

A

2 monosaccharides

Example: Sucrose, lactose and maltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are monosaccharides and give examples

A

1 carb molecules

Example: Glucose, galactose, fructose

Deoxyribose and ribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are polysaccharides and give examples

A

more than 10 monosaccharides

example: Starch, cellulose and glycogen

Changes in terms of type of glycosidic bondss and the amount of branching in the molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are oligosaccharides

A

3-10 monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two types of glycosidic bonds and give examples for both respectively

A

Alpha, glycogen and starch

Beta, cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is maltose made of

17
Q

What is sucrose made of

A

1 glucose and 1 fructose

18
Q

What is lactose amde of

A

1 glucose and 1 galactose

19
Q

What are the three classes of lipids

A

Triglycerides (Fats and oils)

Phospholipids

Cholesterol and steroids

20
Q

What is the function of triglycerides

A

Serves as an energy reserve

Insulates body

Cushions organs

Acts as a carrier for fat soluble vitamins

21
Q

What is the structure of triglycerides

A

Glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains

22
Q

What are the different type of bonds in triglycerides

A

Saturated with C-C bonds and unsaturated with C=C

23
Q

What are the difference between cis and trans fats

A

Cis has kinks in the structure and is more unstable then trans that pack closer and are not as healthy, could possibly become plaque n cause thrombosis (coronary heart disease)

24
Q

What is the different betweem saturated and cis unsaturated fats

A

Saturated fats are packed closely in a regular patter and are solid fat

Cis unsaturated fats have kinks in their structure and have lower melting points, are oils

25
Where can phospholipids be found
Forms the backbone of cell membrane
26
What is the structure of a phospholipid molecule
2 fatty acid and one phosphate group bounded by ester bonds
27
Which part is hydrophobic n hydrophillic
Head is hydrophilic, tail is hydrophobic
28
Where are steroids dervied from
cholesterol
29
What is the function of steroids
Growth, reporduction, metabolism, immunity and salt balance
30
Give example of steroids
Sexual reproduction (Sex hormones) Salt balance (Aldosterone) Immunosuppression (Cortisol) Metabolism (Cortisol) Component of cell membrane (Cholesterol) Synthesis of Vitamin D (Cholesterol)