Skeletal system Flashcards
Main functions of the skeleton
Support - vital organs suspended from the skeleton so they don’t crush each other.
Movement - the bones act as levers. muscles contract and pull on the bones to cause movement.
Protection - of the internal organs in particular the brain, spinal nerves, heart and lungs.
Muscle attachment - the skeleton provides a framework for the voluntary muscle to attach onto.
Source of red blood cells - bone marrow within the bones produce red blood cells in adults.
Calcium storage - released into the bloodstream when required by the body.
How many bones are in the axial skeleton and what does it comprise of?
80 includes the skull, rib cage and vertebral column.
How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton and what does it comprise of?
126 includes arms, legs, pelvic girdle and shoulder girdle.
How is a long bone structured and give and example
A shaft of compact bone tissue with two ends called epiphysis, made of cancellous bone tissue. Femur and humerus.
How is a short bone structured and give and example
Short light weight cancellous bone, surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone. Carpals and Tarsals.
Structure of flat bone and give examples
Both strong and lightweight made from layers of both compact and cancellous bone tissue. Frontal
Structure of irregular bone and give examples.
Cancellous bone tissue surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone. Vertebrae.
Sesamoid
Oval shaped bone, located in tendons. Patella
Describe compact bone tissue
This connective tissued is hard and strong, relatively heavy forms the outer shell of most bones.
Describe cancellous bone tissue
Light weight and spongy, contains bone marrow this is where red blood cells are produced.
Position of cervical vertebrae x7
Flexible framework of neck
Position of thoracic vertebrae X 12
Spine of upper back
Position of lumbar vertebrae x 5
Spine of lower back
Position of sacrum
Back wall of lower girdle
Position of Coccyx X4
Tail bone
Position of sternum
Middle of chest
Position of rib x 24
Cage of the chest cavity
Position of clavicle
collar bone
Position of scapula x 2
Shoulder blades
Position of humerus x 2
upper arms
Position of radius x 2
Forearm thumb side
Position of ulna x 2
Forearm little finger side
Position of carpals x 16
wrist
Position of metacarpals x 10
hand
Position of phalanges x 28
fingers
Position of pelvic bones
forms pelvic girdle
Position of femur x 2
upper leg
Position of patella x 2
knees
Position of tibia x 2
Bone of lower leg that runs medially to big toe side
Position of fibula X 2
Bone of lower leg that runs laterally to little toe side
Position of tarsals x 14
ankles
Position of metatarsals x 10
foot
Position of phalanges x 28
toes
What is a joint?
where two bones meet
What is the most common joint?
synovial and hold freely moveable joints together with a connective tissue called a ligament.
Location and movement of ball and socket?
Hip and shoulder joints are an example. Ball and socket joint is one of the most mobile joints and allows movement in three planes - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation.
Location and movement of Hinge joint
phalanges are an examples allow movement in one plane - flexion and extension.
Location and movement of pivot joint
joint between radius and ulna and in between atlas and axis at base of the skull. Allows movement in one plane - rotation, pronation and supination.
Location and movement of saddle joint
Found only at the site where the carpal bone meets the metacarpal bone of the thumb. Allows 2 planes of motion - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction with a small movement of rotation also allowed.
