Endocrine system Flashcards
Function of endocrine system?
In charge of body processes that happen slowly eg cell development, digestion, excretion, sexual activity.
Function of endocrine gland?
Produce hormones and release them into blood stream to be carried around the body.
What is a hormone and where do they go?
A chemical messenger they are specific will only go to target.
Which gland controls the system and where is it located?
Hypothlamus. In the brain has has effect on many of the body’s functions.
Function and location of pituitary gland?
Base of brain. Master gland. Produces somatrophin.
What can happen if somatotrophin over produced?
Gigantism or acromagaly.
What can happen if somatotrophin under produced?
dwarfism
Location and function of Pineal gland?
In the brain. Affects biological rhythms and reproduction function. Produces melanin.
Location and function of thyroid and parathyroid?
Front of neck. produces and stores thyroxine. Stores iodine after removing it from blood. controls metabolic rate. 4 small parathyroid location on thyroid gland controls calcium levels.
What is Graves disease?
Over secretion of thyroid gland. (thyrotoxicosis).
What can happen if the parathyroid over secretes?
Brittle bones.
What is myxoedema?
Under secretion of thyroid gland
What happens if parathyroid under secretes?
Low calcium ions muscles have convulsive contractions.
Location and function of adrenal glands?
2 one on top of each kidney. Hormones produced, cortisone, androgen, oestrogen, adrenalin
What is Cushing’s syndrome?
Caused by over secretion of adrenal cortex. Oedema, obesity of trunk and neck, hirsutism.
Function and location of Islets of Langerhans?
In pancreas. Produce glucagon and insulin.
What happens if Islets of Langerhans under secrete?
Diabetes high blood sugar due to shortage of insulin.
Function and location of gonads?
Testes in men, ovaries in women. Testes produce androgens. Ovaries produce oestrogen and progesterone (pregnancy hormone)
What causes Stein - leventhal syndrome (polycystic ovaries)?
Under secretion of ovaries. Enlarged ovaries with cysts, irregular menstruation, excess hair growth.
Cause and symptoms of adreno genital syndrome?
Over secretion of androgens. Females take on male characteristics.
Which hormones are secreted by adrenal medulla
Adrenalin and noradrenalin
Hormones secreted by adrenal cortex?
Glucocorticoids (cortisone, cortisol)
Mineralocorticoids
Sex hormones androgen and oestrogen.
List the three types of hormones?
Amino acids, Steroids and polypeptides.
How does the endocrine system link to the nervous system?
The hypothalamus links the endocrine system with the cerebal cortex.
Which glands have endocrine and exocrine functions?
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
What is the action of insulin?
Stimulates storage of glucose in liver.
What is the action of glucagon?
Stimulates conversion of glycogen into glucose.
What hormone controls the function of the thyroid gland?
Thyroid stimulating hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitory gland.
