Skeletal System Flashcards
purpose of bone
protect and support vital organs
with help of muscles allow body to move
mineralisation
process in which teeth and bone absorb nutrients such as:
calcium, phosphorus
occurs during childhood and adolescence
flat bones made up of?
spongy bone between two layers of compact bone
examples of flat bones
skull, ribs, scapula, sternum
periosteum
outer surface of bone
contains blood vessels and nerves
compact bone
hard, dense, bone tissue
spongy bone
innermost layer, lightweight, absorbs sudden stress
sesamoid bones
small round bones that are embedded within a tendon
examples of sesamoid bones
patella, pisiform, hyoid bone
how many vertebrae
33
how many bones in each section of vertebrae
7c 12t 5l 5s 5c
which vertebrae are fused
coccygeal
sacral
joint
where 2 or more bones articulate/come together
3 types of joints and what is different about them
fibrous (fixed)
cartilaginous (slightly moveable)
synovial (freely moveable)
appendage
something attached to something more important/larger
girdle
a bone structure with limbs of vertebrae attached to it
appendicular skeleton
126 bones encompassing the upper and lower limbs, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle
axial skeleton
80 bones including the skull, laryngeal skeleton, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
Forms the upright axis of the body
function of costal notches
gives attachment from the sternum to the ribs
what gives attachment to the diaphragm and muscles of the anterior abdo wall
xiphoid process
describe the spinal curves
4
2 secondary on anterior (cervical and lumbar)
2 primary on posterior (thoracic and sacral)
function of spinal column
protect the spinal cord CNS
numerous bones allow for movement
supports the skull
intervertebral discs act as shock absorbers, protecting the brain and spinal cord nerves
fibrous joint
+ example
do not move
e.g. bones between the skull (coronal suture)
synovial joints
enable a wide range of movement
what are the 5 types of synovial joints
ball and socket pivot gliding hinge saddle
ball and socket eg
shoulder/hip
gliding eg
carpals/tarsals
pivot eg
ulna/radius
hinge eg
humerus
saddle eg
metacarpal joint of the thumb
saddle joints useful because?
they enable flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction
cartilage
the connective tissue that covers the end of the bones to create a low friction environment and cushion the joint surface
basically soft gel like padding that protect the joint
cartilage primary function
allow fluid bending + straightening motions against weight bearing stresses
ligament
elastic bands of tissue that provide stability and bind bone to bone
synovial fluid
a thick, sticky fluid secreted by synovial membranes
functions of synovial fluid
provides nutrients for structures within the joint cavity
lubricant
prevents bones from separating
(think 2 sheets of glass stuck together with water)
signs and symptoms of fractures
B BRUISING L LOSS OF MOVEMENT I IRREGULARITIES P PAIN D DEFORMITY U UNNATURAL MOVEMENT C CREPITUS T TENDERNESS
crepitus
a sensation or noise when you move a joint.
You may experience it as clicking, cracking, creaking, crunching, grating or popping
