Medical Terminology Flashcards
Gluconeogenesis
Production of new glucose
gluco - glucose
neo - new
genesis - production of
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of gall bladder
chole - gall bladder
it is - inflammation of
Hypoxaemia
Low oxygen levels in the blood
hypo - low
ox - o2
aemia - blood
Hypoxia
Low oxygen levels
hypo - low
ox - o2
Dyspnoea
Difficulty breathing
dys = difficulty pnoea = air/breathing
Haematemesis
vomiting blood
haem - blood
emesis - vomiting
pneumothorax
air in the pleural cavity
pneumo - air
thorax - cavity
myocardial infarction
death of the heart muscle tissue
myo - muscle
cardial - heart
infarct - death
hypoglycaemia
low blood sugar/glucose
hypo - low
gly - glucose
aemia - blood
tachycardia
fast heart rate
tachy - fast
cardia - heart
thrombophlebitis
a clot and inflammation of the vein
thrombo - clot
phleb - vein
it is - inflammation of
hyperventilation
high ventilation rate
hyper - high
ventilation - breathing
thrombocytopenia
deficiency of platelets/thrombocytes in the blood
thrombo - clot
cyto - cell
penia - deficiency
haemothorax
blood in the lungs/chest
haem - blood
thorax - chest
retrosternal
behind the sternum
retro - behind
sternal - sternum
homeostasis
A stable equilibrium
homeo - similar
stasis - state
ataxic
lack of coordination
a - absence of
taxia - order/coordination
hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
hepato - liver
megaly - enlargement
hemiparesis
weakness in half the body
hemi - half
paresis - weakness
retinopathy
disease of the retina
retino - retina
pathy - disease
colonoscopy
camera inserting into the colon
colon - colon
oscopy - viewing of
polymyalgia
a condition causing systemic pain
poly - many
my - muscle
algia - pain
haematuria
blood in the urine
haema - blood
uria - urine
rhinorrhoea
discharge from the nose
rhino - nose
orrhoea - discharge/flow
neuralgia
nerve pain
neur/neuro - nerve
algia - pain
arteriosclerosis
hardening of the arteries
arterio - arteries
sclerosis - hardening
cyanosis
blue tinge to the skin
cyan - blue
osis - denoting a process or condition
endocardium
the inner lining of the heart
endo - inner
cardium - heart
dermatology
the study of the skin
derma - skin
ology - study
bradypnoeic
slow breathing rate
brady - slow
pnoeic - air/breath
ischaemia
inadequate/restriction of blood supply to tissues
aneurism
a bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall
prophylaxis
treatment given to prevent disease
angina
chest pain caused by inadequate blood perfusion to cardiac tissue
thrombolysis
treatment of dangerous clots in the blood vessels, disintegration of thrombi
ventricular remodelling
refers to the changes in size, structure, shape, and function of the heart
percutaneous
done through the skin
ppci/coronary intervention/angioplasty
treatment used for angina (the narrowing of arteries)
coronary stenting
insertion of catheter with stent attached
inflation of balloon and thus stent
balloon/catheter removed
aetiology
causes or origin of a disease
the reason for an illness
cytokine storm
a severe immune reaction where the body releases a surplus of cytokines into the blood stream too quickly
essentially a dangerously uncontrolled immune response
often occurs in AI diseases
ablation
destruction of electrical pathways by vaporisation
artifact
misrepresentations of tissue structures produced by imaging techniques
eupnoea
normal, quiet breathing
apnoea
absence of breathing
dyspnoea
difficult, laboured breathing
tachypnoea
rapid resps
hyperpnoea
deep inhalations
orthopnoea
laboured breathing when lying flat
hypoventilation
inadequate inflation of lungs
hyperventilation
over inflation of the lungs
paradoxical breathing
seen in flail chest when attempts to inhale causes collapse of a portion of the chest
flail chest
two or more continuous fractures
cheyne-stokes respirations
rhythmic waxing and waning of breathing during periods of apnoea (absence of breathing)
negative feedback
a mechanism that restricts deviation from the set point, reduces an undesirable response
positive feedback
intensifies/enhances the original stimulus to reach a desired outcome
pinocytosis
cell drinking
coning
herniation (abnormal protrusion of tissue) of the brain through the foramen magnum (the whole where the spinal cord meets the brain)
aortic dissection
a serious tear in the aorta artery
SCAD - spontaneous coronary artery dissection
a tear in the cardiac tissue
this can prevent blood flow to the heart and cause an MI
pulmonary embolism
a blood clot that forms in the vessels and travels to the lung artery
cardiomyopathy
a general term for heart diseases
usually caused by thickened/stiffened/stretched heart chambers
pericardial tamponade
compression of the heart by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac
usually caused by penetration of the cardiac tissue
myxoma
a noncancerous tumour that arises from connective tissue
SVCS - superior vena cava syndrome
a group of problems that arise when blood flow through the inferior vena cava is slowed down
causes: oedematous head and neck, swelling of arms and torso, cyanotic appearance of skin, appearance of collateralised (inadequate vessels) chest wall veins
Proprioception
ones awareness of surroundings
Somatic
distant from the mind
catecholamines
blanket term for sympathetic neurotransmitters
cholinergics
blanket term for parasympathetic neurotransmitters
nerve fibre
general term for any neuronal process
nerve
a bundle of many nerve fibres that course along the same path in the PNS
hematoma
bad bruise, caused by trauma that causes blood to pool/collect
ganglion
a cluster of nerve cell bodies
plexus
an extensive network of axons located outside the CNS
tract
a bundle of nerve fibres without connective tissue, found in the CNS
THINK OF LARGER CABLE WITH SMALL CABLES INSIDE
usually interconnect the brain and spinal cord
neuroglia
supportive and connective tissue within the nervous system
ataxia
a blanket term for disorders that affect coordination, balance, and speech
ataxic
the presence of abnormal, uncoordinated movements
epistaxis
bleeding from the nose
titrate
to adjust according to patient response
a continuous measurement and adjustment based on physiological response
DKA
diabetic ketoacidosis
a chain reaction caused from hypoglycaemia
excess ketones are released into the bloodstream causing dehydration, potassium imbalance and acidosis
acidosis
when the body has too much acid in the bloodstream
cheyne strokes
a breathing pattern that involves a period of fast, shallow breathing followed by slow, heavier breathing, and apnoea’s
apnoea
period of no breathing
the BTS (british thoracic society)
BTS exists to improve standards of care for people who have respiratory diseases and to support and develop those who provide that care
bariatrics
the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention, management, and treatment of obesity
sputum
a mixture of saliva and mucous
trismus
restriction to the range of motion of the jaw
fever
any deviation from normal set point temperature
pheochromocytoma
A pheochromocytoma (fee-o-kroe-moe-sy-TOE-muh) is a rare, usually noncancerous (benign) tumor that develops in an adrenal gland
benign
not harmful in effect
rigor
a sudden feeling of cold with shivering accompanied by a rise in temperature, often with copious sweating, especially at the onset or height of a fever
antipyretic
a drug used to prevent or reduce fever
anxiolytic
drug to reduce anxiety
histology
the study of the microscopic structure of tissues
pyrexia
fever, abnormal body temp
