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Anatomy & Physiology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

5 functions of nervous system

A 
maintain homeostasis
receive sensory input through receptors/stimuli
integrate information
produce motor output
establish and maintain mental activity
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2
Q

neuropathy

A

disease of the nerves

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3
Q

proprioception

A

awareness of ones space

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4
Q

somatic

A

distinct from the mind

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5
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

deviation of nervous pathways

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6
Q

6 types of neuralgia

A 
astrocytes
ependymal cell
microglia
olingodendrocytes
neurolemmacytes
satellite cells
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7
Q

cerebrum

A

the uppermost part of the brain

split into 2 hemispheres by the longitudinal fissure, contains numerous folds called gyri that increase surface area

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8
Q

gyri

A

bumps and ridges on the cerebral cortex

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9
Q

diencephalon

A

connects the brain stem to the cerebrum

contains the thalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

responsible for body temp, circadian rhythm, thirst, hunger

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10
Q

cerebellum

A

attached to the brainstem posterior to the pons

responsible for coordination and motor skills

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11
Q

areas of brain stem

A

top: thalamus

superior midbrain (2):
superior colliculi
inferior colliculi

middle: pons varolli
bottom: inferior medulla oblongata

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12
Q

how many cerebral lobes

A

5

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13
Q

corpus callosum

A

a large bundle of myelinated nerve fibres that connect the brain hemispheres

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14
Q

limbic system

A

a primitive system responsible for basic survival functions such as reproduction, nutrition

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15
Q

how many spinal nerves? split them

A

31

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
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16
Q

name of hole at the bottom of the skull

A

foramen magnum

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17
Q

2 enlargements of spinal cord

A

cervical and lumbosacral

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18
Q

dermatome

A

a specific area of the body supplied by a specific spinal nerve (helps with diagnosing nerve damage)

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19
Q

meninges

A

connective tissue membranes that stick the brain to the spinal cord

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20
Q

3 areas of meninges

A

dura meter
arachnoid mater
pia mater

21
Q

dura mater

A

most superficial and thickest membrane

22
Q

arachnoid mater

A

middle meningeal membrane, thin wispy arachnoid mater

23
Q

pia mater

A

deepest meningeal membrane, bound very tight to the surface of the spinal cord and brain

24
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

25
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

a clear, slightly alkaline, colourless fluid that surrounds the brain

26
Q

csf function

A

shock absorber
cushions the brain
circulates nutrients
maintains uniform pressure

27
Q

choroid plexus

A

a network of blood vessels in the brain that produce cerebrospinal fluid

28
Q

Arachnoid Villi

A

responsible for the re-uptake of cerebrospinal fluid, they project from the arachnoid mater into the venous sinuses

29
Q

Blood Brain Barrier

A

comprised of a layer of astrocyte neuroglia and a capillary wall. This separates the neurones from the blood which creates a semi permeable membrane.

a selective barrier that protects the brain from potentially toxic substances and chemical variations in the blood.

02, c02, h20, steroids, glucose, alcohol, diffuse quickly. Drugs, inorganic ions, amino acids diffuse slowly.

30
Q

Meningitis:

A

Inflammation of the meninges

31
Q

2 types of meningitis

A

bacterial/viral

32
Q

2 types of bacterial meningitis

A

Meningococcal

Pneumococcal

33
Q

symptoms of meningococcal septicaemia (5)

A 
Haemorrhagic rash
Elevated RR
Tachycardia
Chest to chin diagnostic
Light sensitivity
34
Q

septicaemia

A

is a bloodstream infection, bacteria enter the bloodstream and multiply, damaging the walls of the blood vessels which leads to inadequate tissue perfusion or major organs

35
Q

Encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain, usually caused by an infection or autoimmune response - rare but serious, common symptoms include confusion, seizures, weakness

36
Q

seizures/fits/convulsions split into

A

2 subcategories
non epileptic - response to stimuli that does not originate within the CNS

epileptic - result of excessive amount of neural activity in the brain

37
Q

2 types of seizures

A

partial - discharge starts in localised area

generalised - both sides of brain

38
Q

4 types of generalised seizures

A

absence

atonic

tonic

tonic clonic

39
Q

absence seizure

A

brief unconsciousness

40
Q

atonic seizure

A

sudden loss of muscle tone

41
Q

tonic seizure

A

sudden stiffening of the muscles, rigid and falling

42
Q

tonic clonic seizure

A

rigid, falls to the ground, laboured breathing, apnoeic

43
Q

2 types of partial seizure

A

simple partial

complex partial

44
Q

simple partial seizure

A

consciousness and awareness are maintained, pins and needles, discomfort, strange smell or taste

45
Q

complex partial seizure

A

alteration of consciousness, confused, lip smacking, grimacing, picking at clothing

46
Q

stroke

A

same pathophysiology of MI

blood supply to the brain is blocked

47
Q

2 types of stroke

A

haemorrhagic (bleed)

ischaemic (embolic/atherosclerotic) (blockage)

48
Q

decussation of pyramids

A
  • The crossover point of the cranial nerves, it marks the border between the spinal cord and medulla oblongata
    Bleed/blockage effects one side of face and opposite side of body
49
Q

Transverse Ischaemic Attack (TIA)

A

Temporary disruption of blood supply, neurological deficit is >24 hours

Anatomy & Physiology (17 decks)

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