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Nervous System > Skeletal System 1 > Flashcards

Skeletal System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Number of bones in human body?

A

206 bones

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2
Q

Two divisions of skeletal bones?

A

Axial & appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

Number of Axial skeletal bones?

A

80 bones across the brain, spine, ribs, vertebra, thorax

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4
Q

Number of bones in appendicular skeletal system?

A

126 - arms, legs, limbs and parts of pelvis

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5
Q

Five functions of the skeletal system?

A

Support, protection, movement, storage of minerals & fat and blood cell production

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6
Q

What are the four classifications of bone?

A

short, long, flat, irregular & sesamoid

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7
Q

Short bones description & example?

A

Cube shaped, spongy bone with thin layer of compact bone - carpals (wrist)

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8
Q

Long bones description & example?

A

Longer in length than width, curved at ends - humerus

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9
Q

Flat bones description & example?

A

Thin bilayer of compact bone tissue filled with spongy - sternum

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10
Q

Irregular bones description & example?

A

Complex shaped, vary in sponge and compact tissue - vertebrae

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11
Q

Sigmoid bones description & example?

A

Special bones developed in places of abrasion or tension such as palms and knees - patella

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12
Q

What is the Diaphysis?

A

Bone’s main body

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13
Q

What is the Metaphysis?

A

Between the epiphysis and diaphysis and contains cartilage growth plates

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14
Q

What is the Epiphysis?

A

Distal ends of long bones

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15
Q

What is the Periosteum?

A

Outer layer of bone bilayer of tough connective tissue which covers, and protects the bone

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16
Q

What is the Medulla Cavity?

A

Hollow cavity within the diaphysis which house yellow marrow and blood vessels

17
Q

What is the Endosteum?

A

Inner layer of bone thin membrane lining medullary cavity

18
Q

What is Articular Cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage covering Epiphysis to reduce friction and abrasion to connecting joints

19
Q

What is compact bone?

A

Forms body of the bone, and outer covering of epiphysis

20
Q

What is spongy bone?

A

Found inside the epiphysis

21
Q

What is osseous tissue made of?

A

15% water, 30% collagen and 55% crystallized mineral salts

22
Q

How much of bone is compact and spongy?

A

80% compact & 20% spongy

23
Q

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

A

Osteons

24
Q

What is the osteon?

A

A group of hollow tubes (lamellae) of bone matrix arranged like the growth rings of a tree trunk.

25
Q

What is the central canal & location?

A

Containing blood vessels which are surrounded by tree-rings of extracellular bone matrix hollow tubes called lamellae in compact bone

26
Q

What are between the lamellae?

A

Small gaps called lacuna which house osteocytes

27
Q

What does the central canal contain?

A

Nerves fibers & a network of blood vessels

28
Q

What surrounds the central canal?

A

Lamellae embedded with collagen fibers that each run-in directions according to the greatest force and provide resistance to twisting force and tensile strength.

29
Q

What basic structure do spongy bone exhibit?

A

Honeycomb structure of flat bones called trabeculae & between them red bone marrow

30
Q

What are the four bone cell types?

A

Osteoproginator cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, & osteoclasts

31
Q

What are Osteoproginator cells?

A

Only bone cells that divide and form osteoblasts

32
Q

What are Osteoblasts?

A

Young bone cells that build bones and surround themselves in bone extracellular matrix and get stuck in their secretions to form osteocytes

33
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Mature bone cells found in lacuna surrounded by matrix and maintain bone tissue nourishment and waste exchange

34
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Formed from WBC monocytes & destroy bone matrix

35
Q

What two materials do bones consist of?

A

Inorganic & organic materials

36
Q

What is & functions of inorganic material?

A

Minerals that provide bones with hardness

37
Q

What is & functions of organic material?

A

Carbs, proteins, & provide bones with flexibility and strength

38
Q

Bone composition of youth?

A

Higher organic = flexibility

Nervous System (17 decks)

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