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Nervous System > Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

How many regions of brain?

A

4

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2
Q

Cerebrum?

A

Outer most superficial folded layer - thoughts, emotions Ect

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3
Q

Diencephalon?

A

Contain thalamus - gateway for sensory info, hypothalamus - homeostasis, hunger, ANS,
Pituitary gland - release hormones

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4
Q

Brain stem

A

Connect brain to spinal cord and contain midbrain, pons and medulla

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5
Q

Cerebellum?

A

Back of the brain known as the mini brain - coordinate movement of muscle

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6
Q

Structural complexity of brain decreases?

A

Decreases from cerebrum to brain stem

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7
Q

Gyri?

A

Elevated ridges or hills

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8
Q

Sulci?

A

Valleys or grooves between gyri

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9
Q

Fissures?

A

Deeper grooves that separate major cerebrum regions

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10
Q

What do longitudinal fissures do?

A

Divide the brain into left and right hemispheres

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11
Q

What is the cerebral cortex covered with?

A

Grey matter covers the superficial region of the cerebrum

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12
Q

Where is the white matter in the brain?

A

Deep to the cortex

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13
Q

How many lobes does the cerebrum have?

A

5

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14
Q

Frontal lobe functions?

A

Front of the head -voluntary movement, attention, planning, decision and personality

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15
Q

Temporal lobe?

A

Near the ears - auditory processing + memory + olfaction

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16
Q

Parietal lobe?

A

Middle of head - body sensation, language comprehension + audio-visual integration

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17
Q

Occipital lobe?

A

Back of head - visual processing

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18
Q

Insula?

A

Deep to upper three lobes - memory, feelings + cognition

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19
Q

Falx cerebri?

A

separates left and right hemispheres of the brain

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20
Q

Pregyrus?

A

Front part of cerebrum - motor

21
Q

Post-gyrus

A

Back part of cerebrum - sensory

22
Q

Large portions of brain functions are dedicated to what?

A

Sensory touch & motor control

23
Q

Motor control & sensory processing are what?

A

Contralateral - the left motor controls the right limb

24
Q

Reduction of blood flow to right side of frontal lobe lead to paralysis in what side?

A

left side

25
Q

Types of cerebral white matter?

A

Commissural, association and projection fibers.

26
Q

Commissural fibers?

A

AKA corpus calusum connect grey areas of two hemispheres

27
Q

Association fibers?

A

Connect areas within same hemisphere

28
Q

Projection fibers?

A

Connect hemispheres with lower parts of spine or brain

29
Q

Visible spinal enlargements?

A

Superior cervical, inferior lumbar

30
Q

Conus Medullaris?

A

Conical structure that terminates spinal cord below the ribs

31
Q

Filum terminale?

A

Extensions of pia mater from conus medullaris that anchor the spine to coccynx

32
Q

What do spinal grey matter contain?

A

Cell bodies that form functional groups called nuclei which receive and output motor or sensory input

33
Q

What do spinal white matter contain?

A

Ascending (sensory) and descending tracts (motor)

34
Q

What is the central canal?

A

A small tube in the middle of the spine that extends of entire length and contains CSF

35
Q

What four structures protect the CNS?

A

Bone, meninges, CSF, blood brain barrier

36
Q

What are the 4 functions of meninges?

A

Cover & protect CNS, protect blood vessel & sinuses, contain CSF, form partisans in the skull

37
Q

What is the dura mater?

A

Outer most meninges made of double layer of connective tissue - periosteal fused deep to meninges and wraps around sinuses

38
Q

What is the Arachnoid mater?

A

Middle layer - thin avascular layer of collagen & elastic web-like extensions that provide primary blood network to brain and contain arachnoid villi that project into the sinuses

39
Q

What is the subdural space?

A

Layer of interstitial fluid between dura and arachnoid mater

40
Q

What is pia mater?

A

Inner most layer of delicate transparent connective tissue that adheres to the CNS and contains blood vessels to provide spine with nutrients

41
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

Space between the arachnoid and pia mater which contain shock-absorbing CSF and drain into sinuses

42
Q

What is CSF formed from?

A

Blood plasma

43
Q

How does CSF circulate?

A

Circulates in 4 ventricles - 2 lateral ventricles, 1 between thalamus, 1 between brain stem and cerebellum

44
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

In choroid plexuses – thin-walled capillaries in the ventricles enclosed by pia mater and tight junctions of ependymal cells

45
Q

How does CSF flow?

A

From lateral ventricles to the 4th ventricle each time increasing CSF volume, to the central canal of the spinal cord, subarachnoid space, and reabsorbed into bloodstream by arachnoid villi that lead to the Dural sinuses.

46
Q

Functions of CSF?

A

Mechanical protection, homeostatic function, and circulation of nutrition

47
Q

What is the blood brain barrier?

A

Blood-brain-barrier is a semipermeable tight junction of endothelium cell in brain capillaries along with astrocytes that regulate the permeability of the junctions and protect the CSF from chemical in the blood.

48
Q

At which sites is the BBB leaky?

A

In the hypothalamus, pineal gland, choroid plexuses and pituitary gland which may be sensitive to osmotic pressure or toxins

Nervous System (17 decks)

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