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Nervous System > Muscular System 1 > Flashcards

Muscular System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the form & function of skeletal muscle?

A

Attached to bone or skin – single long multinucleate with striations

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2
Q

Describe the form & function of cardiac muscle?

A

Walls of the heart – branched chain bi-uninucleate with striations

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3
Q

Describe the form & function of smooth muscle?

A

Muscle wall of hollow visceral organs – single fusiform uninucleate

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4
Q

What are 4 Characteristics of Muscle?

A

Excitability, Contractility, Extensibility & Elasticity

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5
Q

What is extensibility?

A

The ability to stretch

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6
Q

What is elasticity?

A

The ability to recoil

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7
Q

What are 5 Functions of muscle?

A

Aid movement, generate heat, maintain body posture, regulate visceral organ size, and move substances throughout body

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8
Q

How do muscles move?

A

By pressuring force on tendons which pull on other structures such as bone or skin

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9
Q

Where are skeletal muscles attached?

A

Across articulating bones that form joints

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10
Q

What two functions connect muscle to bone?

A

Origins & insertions

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11
Q

What happens during muscle movement?

A

One end is connected to the origin of the muscle that remains stationary, and the other end is connected to a tendon that contracts or moves called its insertion

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12
Q

What is the gaster?

A

The fleshy part or middle of a muscle that contracts

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13
Q

Why do muscular movements occur?

A

Due to several muscular movements

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14
Q

How are muscles grouped?

A

Opposing (antagonistic) pairs

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15
Q

What are agonists?

A

The prime movers which bring about contraction

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16
Q

What are antagonists?

A

Muscles that oppose movement & relax

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17
Q

What are synergist muscles?

A

Prevent unwanted movement

18
Q

What is a fixator muscle?

A

Hold the origin in place

19
Q

What is the Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Similar to smooth ER

20
Q

What is the Sarcoplasm?

A

Similar to cytoplasm

21
Q

What is the Sarcolemma

A

Muscle membrane

22
Q

What is the basic structure of muscle?

A

Tube within progressively smaller & smaller tubes

23
Q

What are muscles made of?

A

Bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles

24
Q

What is the Epimysium?

A

Most outer covering of muscle that surrounds the entire muscle

25
Q

Where is the Fascicle?

A

Within the epimysium and contain small bundles of muscle within a tube

26
Q

What is the Perimysium?

A
27
Q

What is the Perimysium?

A

Covers each fascicle

28
Q

What is the Endomysium?

A

Covers individual muscle bundles in each fascicle

29
Q

What are myofibrils?

A

Bundles of muscle fibers in each fascicle bundle

30
Q

What are the three exceptional structures in muscle fibers?

A

Myofibrils, sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubules

31
Q

Describe myofibrils?

A

Densely packed rod-like organelles surrounded by sarcolemma and covered by striations of protein which enable muscle contractions

32
Q

What are sarcomeres?

A

The smallest contractile units of muscle fibers located on myofibrils

33
Q

Describe the structure of sarcomeres.

A

Run from one Z-disc to another which are their boundaries in the thousands on myofibrils

34
Q

Describe the function of sarcomeres?

A

Contractions of sarcomeres enable muscle contractions

35
Q

What are striations?

A

Alternating lines produced by the thin, and thick protein microfilaments surrounding the sarcomere

36
Q

What are Myosins?

A

Thick filaments that contain a tail heads, called myosin heads which attach to thin filaments to form cross–bridges

37
Q

What is the function of cross-bridges?

A

The cross-bridge formation enables the myosin and actin to glide past each other during relaxation and contraction, contracting the sarcomeres

38
Q

What is actin?

A

Thin filaments that form structures called tropomyosin, that are topped with actin which contain myosin-binding sites that are blocked by the tropomyosin

39
Q

What is the function of troponin?

A

Controls tropomyosin and if stimulated unlock tropomyosin from their place exposing the myosin-binding for the myosin

40
Q

What is the function of calcium in muscle contractions?

A

Calcium binds onto the troponin which directs the movement of tropomyosin away from the actin, and exposing the myosin-binding sites

41
Q

What is the Sliding-Filament Mechanism?

A

The myosin forces the actin towards the center of the sarcomeres, through a series of broken and formed cross bridges known as the Ratchet Mechanism and decreasing the distance between z-discs and shortening the sarcomere and producing muscle contractions.

Nervous System (17 decks)

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