Skeletal SA

Question 1

Gout

Answer 1

• systemic metabolic disease
• monosodium urate crystals form in joints & soft tissue causing severe pain & inflammation
• risk factor = hyperuriglycemia
• increased risk with age
• affects big toe in males
• affects fingers in females (rare b4 menopause)

Question 2

Osteoarthritis (OA)

Answer 2

• wear & tear of joints -> loss of cartiladge
• tends to affect weight bearing joints e.g. knees
• little inflammation but reactive bone growth & swelling to surroudning soft tissue causes pain
• increased risk w age, overweight/added weight, athelets

Question 3

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Answer 3

• Autoimmune disease, destruction of any synovial joints e.g. hands, wrist etc which causes systemic inflammation
• joints are affected by chronic inflammation, formation of pannus, bone errosion
• cartiladge & tendon degradtion -> irreversiable joint deformation
• increased risk in females, typically diagnoses middle-aged

Question 4

Impact of Renal Failure on Muscoloskeletal System?

Answer 4

renal failure -> lack of activating vitamin D -> no absorption of dietary calicum. Serum level of calcium decreases & PTH levels are sustained at an allevated rate. kidney no longer resopnds to PTH so they dont get rid of phosphate, activate vitamin D, or absorb ditary calcium from filtrate. phosphate builds up in blood, calcium is urinated out or binds to high levels of circulating phosphate resulting in soft tissue calcification. osteoclasts still breakdown bone & deposit calcium & phosphate in blood. underminerlisation of bone & soft tissue calcification = renal osteodystrophy.