Endocrine SA

Question 1

Type I diabetes:

Answer 1

• Auto-immune diease: beta cells in pancreas are destroyed by immune system. no beta cells = no insulin production
• taregt tissues (liver, fat, skeletal muscle) cant take up blood glucose w/o insulin, they are straving & must use alt fuel source (fatty acid & ketone)

Question 2

Type II Diabetes:

Answer 2

• strong genetic component but can be overcome by environmental interventions
• insulin sensitivity or resistance: can still make it but target tissues arent responding & taking up sufficient blood glucose to stay alive but not clearing enough to get it back down

Question 3

Type I Diabetes: Presentation

Answer 3

• Acute presentation

- unconciuosness/ diabetics coma from severe hyperglyceamia, acidosis & volume depletion

Question 4

Type II Diabetes: Presentation

Answer 4

• typically overweight, inactive/sedetary lifestyle & presents w vauge/chronic symptoms
• increased appetite & thirst, changes in nereve conduction (numbness), pain, pins&needles, polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria

Question 5

Type I diabetes: Consequences:

Answer 5

increases risk of developing heart disease, stroke, eye and kidney disease

Question 6

Type II Diabetes: Consequences:

Answer 6

atherosclerosis which contributes to peripheral vascular disease, kidney disease, cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, nerve disease, eye disease, & infections

Question 7

Type I Diabetes: Treatment

Answer 7

manage glucose levels usuing timed meals, short & long acting insulin injections

Question 8

Type II Diabetes: Treatment

Answer 8

Initially can be reversed through weightloss, exercise, & metformin. but if blood glucose is not controlled beta cells can ‘burn out’ -> irreversible condition treated with insulin injections