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CSB520 > DEFINITIONS > Flashcards

DEFINITIONS Flashcards

1
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell suicide

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2
Q

Necrosis

A

Uncontrolled cell death

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3
Q

Embryo-genesis

A

the development of an embryo

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4
Q

Ischemia

A

lack of blood supply

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5
Q

Hypoxia

A

lack of oxygen

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6
Q

Hyopaemia

A

lack of oxygen in he blood

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7
Q

Autophagy

A

decreased cell size by eating itself, can recover as cells can get big again (including permanent cells)

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8
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increased cell size contributing to enlargement of overall tissue/organ. can be reversible

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9
Q

Hyperplasia

A

abnormally increased rate of cell division or failure of apoptosis, results in tissue/organ getting bigger. is reversible. Permanent cells cannot undergo hyperplasia.

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10
Q

Metaplasia

A

The active change from one normal, well-differentiated cell type to a different normal well-differentiated cell type typically in response to a change in the cellular environment or the application of stress. Metaplasia is reversible if the environment changes or the stress is removed. Increases the risk of mutation and cancer

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11
Q

Dysplasia

A

the presence of abnormal cells in a tissue/organ

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12
Q

Labile Cells

A

continuously dividing

  • some epithelial
  • haemopoietic stem cells
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13
Q

Stable Cells

A

Quiescent

  • some epithelial
  • smooth muscle, fibroblasts, endothelial cells
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14
Q

Permanent Cells

A

non-dividing

  • cardiac & skeletal myocytes
  • CNS neurons
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15
Q

Neoplasia

A

the uncontrolled, new abnormal growth of cells or tissues in the body

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16
Q

Tumour

A

Abnormal growth

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17
Q

Malignancy

A

potentially life threatening

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18
Q

Benign

A

Won’t kill us unless its in the brain

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19
Q

Carcinoma-in-situ

A

epithelial malignancy that is yet to break through the basement membrane. before it has metastasised

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20
Q

metastasis/metastasize

A

infiltrate, invade, destroy surrounding tissue. Cancer cells moving to another site. A sub-population of the cells is able to break away and travel and set up secondary sites in other locations

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21
Q

Benign

A

friendly/non-threatening

22
Q

Malignant

A

Potentially life threatening

23
Q

Hyperaemia

A

active build up of blood

24
Q

Oedema

A

swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in body’s tissues.

25
Q

Oedema - Exudate

A

Inflammatory extra vascular fluid with high protein concentration

26
Q

Oedema - Transudate

A

Extra-vascular fluid with low protein concentration

27
Q

Resolution

A

Healing without scarring, restoration or normal architecture & function

28
Q

Organization

A

Healing with scarring, replacement with scar tissue. Possible following acute inflammation, inevitable following chronic

29
Q

Abscess

A

localized area of trapped pus

30
Q

Congestion

A

Passive build up of blood within a vessel which increases hydro-static pressure

31
Q

Effusion

A

Increased fluid in a body cavity

32
Q

Thrombus

A

Blood clot attached to the wall of a vessel or heart chamber

33
Q

Embolus

A

Anything undissolved traveling in the blood

34
Q

Aneurysm

A

Localized abnormal ballooning out or dilation of part of a vessel/ventricle wall

35
Q

Atheroma

A

Sclerotic plaque which represents an ares of chronic inflammation within the wall of an artery

36
Q

Undifferentiated

A

no longer expressing proteins that tell us what the original cell type is

37
Q

Well/Highly Differentiated

A

expressing proteins that tells us what cell it is

38
Q

Cytology

A

study of cells

39
Q

Histology

A

study of tissues

40
Q

Chronic

A

long duration

41
Q

acute

A

sudden onset or sudden severe

42
Q

reperfusion

A

restoration of blood following a period of ischaemia

43
Q

aerobic

A

with oxygen

44
Q

Anaerobic

A

withoutu oxygem

45
Q

Active

A

requires energy (ATP)

46
Q

Passive

A

does not require energy (ATP)

47
Q

Physiology Processes

A

the ways in which organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, and biomolecules work together to accomplish the complex goal of sustaining life

48
Q

Pathological Processes

A

an organic process occurring as a consequence of disease

49
Q

Senescence

A

aging cells

50
Q

Proliferation

A

An increase in the number of cells as a result of cell growth and cell division.

CSB520 (23 decks)

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