Reproductive (Genital & Gestational) Pathology Flashcards
what does congenital mean
present at birth
what is cryptochidism?
undesended testes
consequences of cryptochidism?
- trauma/torsion
- cancer
- infertility
- psychological upset
Would you expect the endometriosis of the ovary to get better or worse during pregnancy, why?
Endometriosis often improve during pregnancy due to the loss of the menstrual cycle
What are the major risk factors for the development of cervical carcinoma
- HPV
- Smoking
- immune depletion
What is Pelivis Inflammatory Disease (PID)?
chronic inflammation of the womens reproductive organs. has closed off the fallopian tubes which are full of fluid
what STIs are most frquently implicated in causing PID?
Gonorrhea & chlamydia
most common STIs in Aus and how they can be prevented
Gonorrhea, Chlamydia their transmission is reduced by condoms. Syphilis, HSV and HPV: are also common although hopefully due to vaccine
How does PID predispose individuals to Ectopic pregnancy?
scar tissue prevents the fertilized egg from making its way through the fallopian tube to implant in the uterus
what conditions may result in ectopic pregnancy?
PID, Endometriosis, Leiomyoma
What is ectopic pregnancy?
when the egg is fertilised somewhere other than the uterus
What determines the sex of an embryo, the ovum or the sperm?
The sperm as they can carry either an X or a Y chromosome whereas all female ova have an X chromosome.
what is the default sex?
female?
What is the most critical period of development?
First trimester (first 3 months) . as spontaenous abortion is common
outcomes of PID?
- scarring & obstruction
- abcess formation
- peritonitis & sepsis
- increases chance of ectopic pregnancy
- infertility
