Bone & Joint (Skeletal) Pathology Flashcards
What are complications of Paget’s disease of bone and why might they occur?
- deformed bones
- pathologicla fractures
- pain
- compression of cranial nerves which may cause deafness or visual distrubances
what factors predispose to osteoporosis?
- low bone & muscle mass
- aging -> menopause
- amenorrhea (absence of menstartion)
- reduced physical activity
- loss of osteogenic activity after menopause
Osteoporosis results in excessive loss of osteoblasts but their demise does not result in inflammation so what form of cell death is occurring
apoptosis
consequences of renal failure on the skeletal system
If the renal system is no longer responding to the parathyroid gland there will be no absorption of vitamin D which means we are not absorbing any dietary calcium. Weakening of bones and soft tissue calcification leads to Renal osteodystrophy.
Osteosarcoma has a bimodal age distribution; about 75% of osteosarcomas occur in young people, why?
bones are growing in young ppl -> proliferation occuring. cancer will occur is activley growing plates. once active growth stops risk plummets. A smaller second peak of osteosarcoma is found in elderly people who frequently suffer from conditions such as Paget’s disease and bone infarcts. The proliferation associated with the laying down of new bone increases the risk of osteosarcoma
From what you have learnt this semester, what can you surmise is the reason why Ewing’s tumour is not named after the cell in which it originates?
It was never a normal cell to begin with
Why is the bone so commonly affected by metastases?
Arterial blood supply. Bone is very vascular, so arterial metastases are easily distributed to this site plus it’s a good site for tumour cells to become trapped.
Under what circumstances would acute osteomyelitis become chronic?
Repeated acute, unresolved acute, stimulus remains, special cases.
In bone if bacteria persisist it is the stimulus for inflammation -> chronic.
bone fragments become necrotic and keep inflammation going
What main cellular changes distinguish acute from chronic inflammation?
Chronic inflammation involves lymphocytes
What is a pathologic fracture & what are some common causes?
A fracture that occurs in a bone that is already affected with disease.
causes: osteoporosis, osteomalacia, paget’s, chronic renal failure, pcancer, joint diseases
List types of fractures:
Simple, compound, comminuted, greenstick,
List things that the healthy kidneys do that is important for maintaining bone health
activating vitamin D which absorbs dietary calcium….?
What is Paget’s disease?
disrupts the replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue resulting in deformed & fragile bones overtime
What is osteomyelitis?
inflammation or swelling in bone cause by infection
What is Ewing’s tumour
rare cancer that occur in bone or soft tissue
