Skeletal Flashcards
Skull
bone that protects the brain and face. made of multiple bones (not fused before birth)
Suture
connective tissue connecting two bones in the skull. Fuse to create solid skull.
Fontanelle
Area where two sutures meet. Are a soft area in newborns.
Sutures and fontanelles
Allow deformation of head during birth -> odd newborn head shape. Aid early skull growth.
Diaphysis
middle portion of long bones
Epiphysis
ends of long bones
Development of Limb Bones
Cartilage models form (cartilage is softer than bone), cartilage model is replaced by bone, cartilage remandes at ends of bone and at epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal plate
cartilage between diaphysis and epiphysis. Bones is added here to lengthen bones. Becomes replaced by bone at maturity.
Cartilage at ends of bone
Provides cushion between bones. Helps bones slide in a joint.
Components of digestive system
Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Intestines
Pharynx
throat
Esophagus
tube from pharynx to stomach
Stomach
enlarged area after esophagus
Intestines
long tubes from stomach to anus.
Small intestine
long, small-diameter intestine
large intestine
shorter, large-diameter intestine
Gut
digestive tube. Forms by folding at sides, head, tail
Gut folding at sides
ectoderm and mesoderm fold toward chest. Folds of mesoderm enclose endoderm. Endoderm forms inside of gut, mesoderm surrounds inside of gut.
Foregut
gut at head of embryo. Formed by folding at head and sides. Forms pharynx, esophagus, stomach, beginning of small intestine.
Midgut
Gut at middle of embryo. Open to yolk sac. Forms most of small intestine and most of large intestine.
Hindgut
gut at “tail” of embryo. Formed by folding at “tail” and sides. Forms end of large intestine.
Esophagus
comes from foregut. Starts as short tube. Grows in length.
Stomach
comes from foregut. Enlarges to achieve basic shape. Rotates into place, pulls attached organs into place too.
Small intestine
from foregut + midgut. Grows too big to fit in torse, so part pushes into umbilical chord.
Abdominal cavity
cavity in lower half of torso. Growth provides room for intestines to return into torse. Intestines rotate into final position.
Large intestine
comes from midgut + hindgut.
Urorectal septum
tissue that divides urinary and digestive system. Grows and separates hind gut.
