Implantation Flashcards
Implantation
embedding of embryo in the uterine lining. Embryo completely sinks in. Uterine cells cover embryo.
Chorion
fetal part of placenta
Decidua
maternal part of placenta
placenta
exchange organ between maternal and fetal circulation
major placenta functions
gas, nutrient, and antibody exchange
umbilical veins
receive O2 and nutrients form maternal blood to provide to fetus.
umbilical arteries
send away CO2 and waste from fetus into maternal blood.
Antibody
protective proteins made by immune system. Maternal antibodies cross placenta to protect fetus
what harmful things can cross the placenta, and what are their effects?
alcohol: causes fetal alcohol syndrome.
crack/cocaine: addict fetus
infectious agents: harm fetus
decidua
forms from the endometrium
decidual reaction
endometrial changes due to implantation. provides an area safe from mother’s immune system.
chorion
forms from the trophoblast.
chorionic villi
extensions of the chorion where exchanges occur between fetal and maternal blood.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
hormone produced by developing placenta. detected in pregnancy tests.
when do medical dictionaries say pregnancy and conception begin?
most commonly at fertilization. Implantation is a less common starting point.
ectopic pregnancy
an implantation in an abnormal area. most common in uterine tubes.
what are the effects of an ectopic pregnancy in the uterine tubes?
the growth of the embryo can cause the tube to burst. the blood loss can be fatal.
what causes an ectopic pregnancy?
slowed transport, which promotes premature hatching.
what causes cilia problems?
smoking, age.
how do STDs slow oocyte transport?
Gonorrhea and chlamydia can scar uterine tubes, which create obstacles.
endometriosis
endometrium-like tissue in abnormal areas. can promote uterine tubes scarring, and provides abnormal areas of easy implantation.
expectant mangment
a way to treat ectopic pregnancies. Close observation with interventions only when symptoms manifest. often results in natural embryo death, which makes other treatments licit. It also may allow embryo to gestate until it can be surgically delivered, but imminent danger requires another treatment.
salpingectomy
removal of uterine tube containing embryo. licit under principle of double effect. kills conceptus, and makes future pregnancies more difficult.
salpingostomy
removal of embryo, leaving uterine tube intact. kills conceptus, may or may not be licit.
methotrexate
a drug that prevents cell division growth. kills conceptus by preventing growth of trophoblast. may or may not be licit.
embryo transfer
transfer of embryo to womb. may be a licit use of an artificial womb.
