Fertility Control

Question 1

Fertility Control

Answer 1

Methods/Devices designed to make a fertile act infertile. They prevent proper function of the reproductive system.

Question 2

Contraceptive

Answer 2

an agent that prevents conception

Question 3

Interceptive

Answer 3

an agent that impedes implantation

Question 4

contragestive

Answer 4

an agent that disrupts pregnancy after implantation

Question 5

Barrier method

Answer 5

prevents sperm from entering female body, which prevents sampling of sperm DNA, prevents vaginal absorption of seminal fluid

Question 6

side effects of barrier method

Answer 6

depression, preeclampsia, less frequent conjugal union

Question 7

preeclampsia

Answer 7

pregnancy complication with high blood pressure

Question 8

surgical sterilization

Answer 8

cutting and sealing off ducts that transport gametes. Prevents fertilization. Can be reversed, but is difficult.

Question 9

Vasectomy

Answer 9

sealing the vas deferens. Makes a man sterile. Sperm die in duct and are consumed by immune cells.

Question 10

side effects of vasectomy

Answer 10

chronic scrotal pain, bleeding, infection

Question 11

tubal ligation

Answer 11

sealing uterine tubes. makes a woman sterile.

Question 12

side effects of tubal ligation

Answer 12

painful intercourse, sever hormonal imbalance, osteoporosis, heart disease

Question 13

hormonal method

Answer 13

fertility hormones are used to promote infertility. Mimics hormones of pregnancy. Ovulation doesn’t occur during pregnancy.

Question 14

Progestogen

Answer 14

a group of hormones with a similar chemical structure

Question 15

Progestin

Answer 15

a synthetic progestogen

Question 16

progesterone

Answer 16

a natural progestogen

Question 17

xenoestrogen

Answer 17

a molecule that acts similar to human estrogen. Not found naturally in the human body. Can be synthetically created, like the ones in hormonal method.

Question 18

methods of action in hormonal method

Answer 18

block hormonal signals for ovulation, create hormonal signals that thicken cervical mucus, prevent full growth of endometrial lining, which impedes implantation and promotes miscarriage

Question 19

breastfeeding effects of hormonal method

Answer 19

hormones enter breast milk and affect baby. Reduces the amount of milk produced (if contain xenoestrogen) Negatively alters nutritional composition (if high dose), may inhibid endometrial gland formation as child grows

Question 20

other effects of hormonal method

Answer 20

long term use may cause permanent thinning of endometrial lining, which impairs fertility. Normal cycles may return immediately, or they may take months to return after cessation.

Question 21

risks to developing child during hormonal method

Answer 21

increased risk of miscarriage, and ectopic pregnancy. Can cause developmental defects, pregnancy may not be recognized.

Question 22

theoretical benefits for condom distribution

Answer 22

artificial barriers prevent HIV transmission

Question 23

results of condom distribution

Answer 23

appears ineffective, infection rates stay the same or increase due to risk compensation. 100% usage must be enforced to cause a benefit.

Question 24

risk compensation

Answer 24

the increase of risky behavior to a greater extent than the decrease in risk from an intervention

Question 25

ABC approach

Answer 25

Abstinence, be faithful, condoms as a last resort. Used effectively in Uganda