skeletal Flashcards
1
Q
CRANIUM
A
Portion of skull that encloses brain
2
Q
INTERSTITIAL
A
Between parts of tissue
3
Q
SUBCOSTAL
A
Below supracostal ribs
4
Q
SUPRACOSTAL
A
Above/outside ribs
5
Q
COMPACT BONE
A
Dense, hard, & very strong protective outer layer of bone; >75% body bone matter by weight
6
Q
AKA: COMPACT BONE
A
Cortical bone
7
Q
SPONGY BONE
A
Porous bone w/red marrow
8
Q
AKA: SPONGY BONE
A
Cancellous bone
9
Q
MEDULLARY CAVITY
A
Central cavity in shaft of long bones surrounded by compact
10
Q
ENDOSTEUM
A
Tissue lining medullary cavity
11
Q
CARTILAGE
A
Shock absorber; smooth, rubbery, & blue white connective tissue; more elastic & flexible than bone
12
Q
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
A
Covers surface of bones that articulate @ joints
13
Q
MENISCUS
A
Curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joint (knee & TMJ)
14
Q
FIBROUS JOINTS
A
Inflexible layers of connective holding bones tight; little to no movement; ex: sutures
15
Q
CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
A
Slight movement via cartilage
16
Q
SYNOVIAL JOINT
A
Variety of motion; 6 types
17
Q
SYNOVIAL CAPSULE
A
Outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue resembling sleeve surrounding joint
18
Q
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
A
Lines capsule & secretes synovial fluid
19
Q
BURSA
A
Fibrous sack that cush areas from friction where tendon passes over bone
20
Q
AXIAL SKELETON
A
Skull & spine; protection; 80 bones
21
Q
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
A
Movement & protection; 126 bones
22
Q
AUDITORY OSSICLES
A
Stapes, malleus, incus
23
Q
TRUE RIBS
A
36898
24
Q
FALSE RIBS
A
37113
25
FLOATING RIBS
37207
26
MANUBRIUM
Bony upper part of sternum
27
BODY OF STERNUM IS ALSO CALLED
Gladiolus
28
AKA: PECTORAL GIRDLE
Shoulder girdle
29
ACROMION
Extension of scapula creating high pnt of shoulder
30
OLECRANON
Large, proximal tip of ulna forming pnt of elbow & exposes nerve
31
AKA: OLECRANON
Funny bone
32
LAMINA
Posterior part of vertebrae; transverse & spinous processes for attachments
33
SACROILIAC
Slightly movable between sacrum & posterior part of ilium
34
CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS
Anterior & posterior ligaments of knee making movement possible
35
MALLEOLUS
Rounded bony projection on tibia & fibula @ sides of ankles
36
TALUS
Ankle bone articulate w/tibia & fibula
37
ANKYLOSIS
Loss/absence of mobility in joint bc adhesion
38
ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS
Painful ankylosis of shoulder
39
ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS IS ALSO CALLED
Frozen shoulder
40
ARTHROSCLEROSIS
Stiffness of joint
41
BAKER’S CYST
Fluid filled sack behind knee bc of condition causing excess synovial fluid
42
AKA: BAKER’S CYST
Popliteal cyst
43
COSTOCHONDRITIS
Inflammation of cartilage in ribs
44
HALLUX VALGUS
Abnormal enlargement of joint @ base of big toe
45
CAUSE: HALLUX VALGUS
Hereditary structural defect, arthritis, poor footwear
46
AKA: HALLUX VALGUS
Bunion
47
HEMARTHROSIS
Blood in joint
48
CAUSE: HEMARTHROSIS
Joint injury, spontaneous when taking blood thinning medication/have blood clot disorder
49
POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA (PMR)
Inflammatory disorder of muscles & joints; stiffness in neck, shoulders, upper arms, thighs, & hips
50
SYNOVITIS
Inflammation of synovial membrane
51
CAUSE: SYNOVITIS
Arthritis, trauma, infection, irritation
52
OSTEOARTHRITIS
Wear away cartilage between joint & hypertrophy of bone & formation of osteophytes
53
OSTEOPHYTES
Bone spurs; painful & restrict movement
54
AKA: OSTEOARTHRITIS
Wear & tear arthritis or DJD
55
SPONDYLOSIS
Loss of normal spinal structure & function, stiffening of spine
56
AKA: SPONDYLOSIS
Spinal osteoarthritis
57
GOUT
Deposits of urate crystals; joints hot, red, extremely sensitive
58
AKA: GOUT
Gouty arthritis
59
PSEUDOGOUT
Buildup of calcium pyrophosphate crystals gen in knees & wrist
60
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Chronic autoimmune; progressively attack synovial membrane making it swollen, painful, & immobile
61
ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
Form of rheumatoid arthritis; inflammation between vertebrae & fusion of vertebrae limiting mobility & lung capacity
62
AKA: ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
Rheumatoid arthritis of spine
63
JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS
Seen in kids ≤16 yrs & able to be outgrown; stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, fatigue
64
AKA: JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
65
PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS
Developed by 20% ppl w/psoriasis
66
HERNIATED DISK IS ALSO CALLED
Slipped/ruptured disk
67
SPONDYLOLISTHESIS
Lumbar vertebrae slip forward onto bone below
68
SPINA BIFIDA
Congenital; spinal canal doesn’t close completely around cord so part of membrane covering cord protrude thru gap in spine
69
MYELOMENINGOCELE
Form of spina bifida w/protrusion of part of cord & meninges thru spine
70
KYPHOSIS
Abnormal increase thoracic curvature
71
LORDOSIS
Abnormal increase forward lumbar curvature
72
AVASCULAR NECROSIS
Area of bone tissue death (gen hip) most common in adults 30-50 yrs
73
AKA: AVASCULAR NECROSIS
Osteonecrosis
74
CAUSE: AVASCULAR NECROSIS
Trauma, high-dose steroid usage, excessive alcohol consumption
75
OSTEOMYELITIS
Inflammation of bone marrow & adjacent bone bc of bacterial infection
76
PAGET’S DISEASE
Abnormal break down of bone w/abnormal bone formation; new bone enlarged, misshaped, & weak
77
AKA: PAGET’S DISEASE
Osteitis deformans
78
PERIOSTINITIS
Inflammation of periosteum; associate w/shin splints
79
AKA: RADICULOPATHY
Pinched nerve
80
RICKETS
Deficiency disease in kids; defective bone growth
81
SPINAL STENOSIS
Narrowing of spaces in spine
82
SHORT STATURE
Avg adult = 4’10”; > 200 causes
83
AKA: SHORT STATURE
Dwarfism or little people
84
CLUB FOOT
Any congenital deformity of foot & talus
85
AKA: CLUB FOOT
Talipes
86
PRIMARY BONE CANCER
Relatively rare malignant, origin bone cancer
87
AKA: SECONDARY BONE CANCER
Bone metastasis
88
MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Occur in blood-making plasma cells in red bone marrow; common in AA; weakens bone & impact other systems
89
OSTEOCHONDROMA
Benign tumor/bony projection covering cartilage
90
AKA: OSTEOCHONDROMA
Exostosis
91
OSTEOPOROSIS
Low bone density & high bone porosity
92
COLLES FRACTURE
Fracture of distal radius from landing on hand
93
AKA: COLLES FRACTURE
Broken wrist
94
OSTEOPOROTIC HIP FRACTURE
Osteoporosis causes spontaneous injury
95
AKA: OSTEOPOROTIC HIP FRACTURE
Broken hip
96
INCOMPLETE FRACTURE
Bone not in 2 pieces; mostly kids
97
BUCKLE FRACTURE
Affected side compressed & buckle but no break
98
AKA: BUCKLE FRACTURE
Torus fracture
99
PATHOLOGIC FRACTURE
Broken under normal strain
100
FAT EMBOLUS
Fat cells from yellow marrow released from long bone fracture
101
ARTHROSCOPY
Exam of internal structure of joint
102
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
Image soft tissue structures w/electromagnetic field & radio waves
103
BONE MARROW ASPIRATION
Withdraw liquid/tissue from red marrow w/syringe to diagnose or give stem cell transplant
104
BONE DENSITY TESTING
Determine losses/changes in bone density to diagnose osteomalacia, osteoporosis, & osteopenia
105
AKA: BONE DENSITY TESTING
BDT or bone densitometry
106
ULTRASONIC BDT
Screening for conditions causing loss of bone mass; sound waves measure calcaneus
107
DUAL XRAY ABSORPTIOMETRY
Low exposure xray of spine & hips to measure bone density & more accurate than ultrasonic BDT
108
BONE SCAN
Nuclear scan show fractures, tumors, & infections
109
CT
Computer analyze xrays from multiple angles; more detail than standard xray
110
AKA: CT
Computerized tomography or computed tomography
111
LUMBAR PUNCTURE
Needle aspiration of CSF
112
AKA: LUMBAR PUNCTURE
Spinal tap
113
RHEUMATOID FACTOR
Blood test diagnose rheumatoid arthritis
114
BIPHOSPHONATES
Slow loss of bone density by decreasing chance of broken bones
115
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT (BMT)
Stem cell transplant to treat certain cancers by destroying cancer cells & patient’s marrow & infusing healthy marrow in patient’s blood
116
ALLOGENIC BMT
Use donor bone marrow/umbilical cord blood
117
AKA: ALLOGENIC BMT
Allogenic stem cell transplant
118
AUTOLOGOUS BMT
Receive own bone marrow harvested, cleansed, treated, & stored
119
AKA: AUTOLOGOUS BMT
Autologous stem cell transplant
120
ARTHRODESIS
Surgical fusion to stiffen joint to treat severe arthritis or damaged joint
121
AKA: ARTHRODESIS
Surgical ankylosis
122
BONE GRAFTING
Use transplanted bone to repair & rebuild
123
SYNOVECTOMY
Remove synovial membrane of joint (gen knee) to repair damage from arthritis or inflammatory disease
124
TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT (TKR) PURPOSE
Treat damage from arthritis
125
AKA: TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT
Total knee arthroplasty
126
PARTIAL KNEE REPLACEMENT (PKR)
Medial, lateral, or anterior patella replaced & ACL & PCL preserved
127
REVISION SURGERY
Replacement of worn/failed implant
128
TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT
Restore full function w/metal shell into acetabulum & femur head replaced
129
PERCUTANEOUS DISKECTOMY
Last resort herniated intervertebral disk treatment
130
PERCUTANEOUS VERTEBROPLASTY
Treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures w/bone cement to stabilize fracture in spine
131
LAMINECTOMY
Surgical removal of lamina/bone making up vertebrae to enlarge spinal cord & relieve pressure on cord/give access to treat herniated disk
132
AKA: LAMINECTOMY
Decompression surgery
133
DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY
Surgical removal part of skull to decrease intracranial pressure from swelling
134
CRANIOTOMY
Surgical incision into skull to gain access to remove tumor, relieve pressure, or do other procedures
135
OSTEOTOMY
Surgical incision thru bone & reshape removing parts/cutting thru bone to repair damaged joints, realign dental occlusions, correct congenital defects, & reshape arthritic hips & knees
136
TRACTION
Pulling force distally
137
CLOSED REDUCTION
Attempted non-surgical realignment of bone fracture/dislocation via manually applied force & immobilization
138
AKA: CLOSED REDUCTION
Manipulation
139
EXTERNAL FIXATION
Pins thru soft tissue & bone for external appliance to hold bone
140
INTERNAL FIXATION
Plates & pins in bone inside & not removed after healing
141
AKA: INTERNAL FIXATION
Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)
142
ARTHROCENTESIS
Surgical puncture joint space w/needle to remove fluid
143
ORTHOSIS
Straightening/correction of bone deformity
144
SPONDYLOSYNDESIS
Surgical fusion of joints between vertebrae
145
AKA: SPONDYLOSYNDESIS
Spinal fusion
146
CLOSED REDUCTION & INTERNAL FIXATION (CRIF)
External manipulation to restore fractured bone
147
CAST PURPOSE
Immobilize fractures/dislocations
148
SPLINT PURPOSE
Fixation of injured body part
149
OSTEOPATH
Traditional medicine & spinal manipulation
150
RHEUMATOLOGIST
Specialize in inflammation in joint & connective tissue
151
CREPITATION
Grating sound heard when broken bones move; crackling sound/sensation or popping/clicking of some joints
152
AKA: CREPITATION
Crepitus
153
CALLUS
Bulging deposit around break turn to bone
154
ORTHOTIC
Medical tool to support, control, correct, compensate limb
155
TUBERCULE
Small round process
156
TROCHANTER
1 of 2 larger process found in femur
157
TUBEROSITY
Large, rough process
158
CONDYLE
Rounded knuckle process @ joint
159
FOSSA
Bone depression
160
SULCUS
Groove
