nervous/special senses p2 Flashcards
1
Q
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS)
A
Progressive autoimmune disease where inflammation causes demyelination of myelin sheath leading to plaque which scars the brain, cord, & optic nerve disrupting transmission
2
Q
MS LEADS TO WHAT EFFECTS/ISSUES
A
Pain, physical & cognitive problems, weakness/numbness in limbs, unsteady gait, uncoordinated movements, fatigue
3
Q
BELL’S PALSY
A
Temporary paralysis of 7th cranial thought to be caused by virus leading to paralysis of face on affected side; inability to close eye, pain, tearing, drooling, hypersensitivity to sound in affected ear, taste impairment
4
Q
GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME (GBS)
A
Inflammation of myelin sheath of many peripheral nerves (polyneuritis) caused by duration/recovery of infectious disease or autoimmune response after viral infection/vaccines leading to rapid extremity muscle weakness & temporary paralysis
5
Q
NEURITIS
A
Inflammation of nerve leading to pain & loss of function
6
Q
SCIATICA
A
Inflammation of sciatica nerve from pressure on nerve roots leading to pain, burning, & tingling thru thigh/leg/foot
7
Q
TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
A
Chronic pain condition from inflammation of 5th cranial nerve leading to severe lightning-like pain in gums, cheek, & lips
8
Q
CEREBRAL PALSY
A
Group of disorders common in premature/low birth weight infants from a brain condition/injury during pregnancy, birth, or postpartum; s/s: poor muscle control, spasticity, speech defects, neurological deficiencies, poor muscle tone & movement
9
Q
SEIZURE
A
Sudden surge of electrical activity affecting feeling, actions, & physical/mental changes from fever, brain injury/lesions, or other disorders
10
Q
TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE
A
Body rigid (tonic) w/uncontrollable jerking (clonic); generally epileptic
11
Q
AKA: TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE
A
Grand mal seizure
12
Q
ABSENCE SEIZURE
A
Brief disturbance in function causing brief, sudden lapses of consciousness leading to vacant staring for about 10-15 sec; gen kids
13
Q
FOCAL SEIZURE
A
Abnormal electrical activity in at least 1 part of hemisphere; absence seizure symptoms + some repetitive muscle movement
14
Q
AKA: FOCAL SEIZURE
A
Partial seizure
15
Q
FEBRILE SEIZURE
A
Tonic-clonic seizure in infants & young kids caused by fever & gen outgrown by 5 yrs
16
Q
SUDDEN UNEXPECTED DEATH IN EPILEPSY (SUDEP)
A
Epileptic patient death during/following seizure w/causes being unknown, respiratory failure, or arrhythmias
17
Q
CAUSALGIA
A
Persistent, severe burning pain after sensory nerve injury
18
Q
COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME (CRPS)
A
Chronic nerve pain of 1 limb after injury causing change in skin color, temperature, & swelling
19
Q
HYPERESTHESIA
A
Abnormal & excessive sensitivity to pain, touch, & other sensory stimuli
20
Q
PARESTHESIA
A
Burning/prickling/numbness/tingling w/o apparent physical cause, caused by irritation/injury to sensory nerves/nerve roots; can be symptom of peripheral neuropathy/drug side effect
21
Q
PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
A
Disorder of peripheral nerves from diabetes, hypothyroidism, or other conditions leading to pain, loss of sensation & no muscle control (esp in hands & feet)
22
Q
RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME (RLS)
A
Uncomfortable feelings in legs leading to urge to move generally at night or when trying to rest bc of an unknown cause
23
Q
ANXIETY DISORDERS
A
Excessive irrational dread of everyday things/out of proportion fear, worry, or nervousness
24
Q
GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER (GAD)
A
Chronic, excessive worrying that is not restricted to specific thing; s/s: muscle tension, sleep disturbances, irritability, trouble concentrating, restlessness, heart palpitations, chest pain, tremors, sweating, nausea, & headaches
25
PANIC ATTACK
Unexpected, sudden fear during no danger associated w/unneeded activation of flight or fight; s/s: heart palpitations, shortness of breath, chest tightness, dizziness, sweating, nausea, feelings of unreality, & choking sensation
26
PANIC DISORDER (PD)
Sudden & recurring attacks of intense anxiety & fear/fear of panic attacks that cause the development of other phobias; s/s: imitate heart attack & sense of loss of control
27
POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD)
Emotional numbing, hyperarousal, anxiety, sleep disorders, & persistent reliving of event after event of intense fear, helplessness, or horror
28
PHOBIA
Persistent, irrational fear of specific thing that causes significant distress, interferes w/function, & leads to avoidance
29
ACROPHOBIA
Fear of heights
30
AGORAPHOBIA
Fear of environments where panic attack might happen
31
SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
Fear situations of possible negative evaluation of others/embarrassment
32
AKA: SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
Social phobia
33
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD)
Recurrent obsessions & compulsion w/the belief that doing the behaviors will prevent harm or stop obsession
34
OBSESSIONS
Repetitive, intrusive, & distressing thoughts/impulses
35
HOARDING DISORDER
Over-accumulation of belongings leading to unsafe & unsanitary living conditions
36
ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)
Short attention span & impulsive behavior inappropriate for developmental age
37
ATTENTION-DEFICIT DISORDER (ADD)
ADHD w/o hyperactivity
38
DYSLEXIA
Learning disability where the brain unable to process symbols correctly & can affect self-expression
39
AKA: DYSLEXIA
Developmental reading disorder
40
LEARNING DISABILITIES
Normal intelligence w/difficulty in specific skills
41
INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY
Significantly below average intellectual & adaptive function causing them not to be able to develop skills for daily living
42
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)
Difficulty to develop normal social relationship & communication skills w/significant developmental delays, repetitive routines, narrowly focused, & unusual/intense interests; gen diagnosed ~ 3 yrs
43
ASPERGER’S SYNDROME
Subgroup of autism w/normal or above average intelligence but poor social interactions & body language
44
DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER
At least 2 distinct personalities w/own characteristics caused by early childhood trauma & abuse
45
AKA: DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER
Multiple personality disorder
46
IMPULSE CONTROL DISORDERS
Group of psychiatric disorders w/failure to resist impulse despite negative consequences (kleptomania, pyromania, compulsive gambling, etc)
47
OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER (ODD)
Persistent angry, uncooperative, & disruptive behavior in kids toward authority figures that disrupts daily activities
48
BIPOLAR DISORDER
Cycles of severe mood changes that affect attitude, energy, & function
49
MANIAC BEHAVIOR
Weirdly euphoric behavior w/inappropriate elation, high irritability, severe insomnia, poor judgment, & inappropriate social behavior
50
DEPRESSION
Feelings of worthlessness/death/harm/suicide, lethargy, sadness, & loss of interest/plaque
51
PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
Low-grade chronic depression w/milder symptoms present for majority of days for more than 2 years; includes double depression & disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
52
AKA: PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
Dysthymia
53
DOUBLE DEPRESSION
Acute episode of major depression in patient w/dysthymia
54
DISRUPTIVE MOOD DYSREGULATION DISORDER (DMDD)
Children w/frequent & severe temper outbursts & chronically irritable
55
SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER (SAD)
Bout of depression with low daylight hours
56
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
False perception of body appearance w/intense fear of gaining weight & unable to maintain healthy weight; characterized by voluntary starvation or excessive exercising
57
BULIMIA NERVOSA
Binge eating w/compensating behavior such as vomiting, excessive exercising, or misuse of drugs
58
BINGE EATING DISORDER (BED)
Binge eating & sense of loss of control & guilt/shame afterwards
59
PERSONALITY DISORDER
Chronic pattern of inner experience/thinking & behavior that is pervasive & inflexible w/onset in adolescence/early adulthood
60
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
Disregard for & violation of rights of ppl
61
BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER
Impulsive actions, mood instability, chaotic relationships, & self-harm
62
NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
Complete lack of empathy for others
63
PSYCHOTIC DISORDER
Loss of contact w/reality, hallucination, delusions, & function deteriorates
64
AKA: PSYCHOTIC DISORDER
Psychoses
65
DELUSION CATATONIC BEHAVIOR
Person unresponsive, in stupor, & tends to be in fixed position
66
DELUSION
False personal beliefs despite obvious proof; belief not ordinarily accepted
67
HALLUCINATION
Sensory perception w/o external stimuli
68
SCHIZOPHRENIA
Psychotic disorder w/withdrawal from reality, illogical/distorted thinking patterns, delusions, hallucinations, & emotional/behavioral/intellectual disturbances or perceptions
69
AKA: SCHIZOPHRENIA
Schizophrenia spectrum disorder
70
SCHIZOAFFECTIVE DISORDER
Combo of schizophrenia & bipolar/mood disorder symptoms (either depression or mania)
71
SOMATIC SYMPTOM DISORDER (SSD)
Distress/excessive focus on physical complaints out of proportion to any findings/disease
72
ILLNESS ANXIETY DISORDER
Recurring anxiety of presence of illness w/temporary relief w/normal findings
73
FACTITIOUS DISORDER
Individual acts as if they have illness motivated by attention & sympathy; visible symptoms are self-inflicted
74
AKA: FACTITIOUS DISORDER
Munchausen syndrome
75
FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS
Neurologic symptoms w/o physical cause & patient unaware symptoms from psyche
76
CONVERSION DISORDER
Serious temporary/ongoing changes in function such as paralysis/blindness
77
MALINGERING
Intentional creation of false/exaggerated physical/psychological symptoms w/the motivation being avoiding work or incentives
78
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Addictive use of substance that is dangerous & leads to significant impaired function & recurrent legal/personal issues
79
ALCOHOLISM
Chronic dependence w/specific withdrawal signs & symptoms
80
DELIRIUM TREMENS
Sudden & severe mental changes/seizures from going cold turkey from alcohol
81
DRUG ABUSE
Excessive use of illicit/recreational/prescription drugs
82
DRUG OVERDOSE
Potentially fatal/accidental/intentional overuse of drug; treated w/Narcan or naloxone
83
GENDER DYSPHORIA
Sex @ birth doesn’t match gender creating stress; begins in early childhood
84
PTOSIS
Drooping of upper eyelid caused by muscle weakness/paralysis
85
AKA: PTOSIS
Blepharoptosis
86
CHALAZION
Hard nodule/cyst generally on upper eyelid caused by obstruction of sebaceous gland
87
HORDEOLUM
Pus filled & painful lesion on eyelid from acute infection of sebaceous gland
88
AKA: HORDEOLUM
Stye or sty
89
BLEPHARITIS
Swelling of eyelid gen @ eyelash follicles; s/s: redness, swelling, crusting along eyelid
90
EXTROPION
Eversion of edge of eyelid (lower) associated w/aging that causes eye irritation so the tears don’t drain properly; s/s: redness, pain, & corneal breakdown
91
ENTROPION
Inversion of edge of eyelid (lower) where the lashes rub against cornea causing abrasion
92
PERIORBITAL EDEMA
Swelling of tissue surrounding eye associated w/allergies, nephrotic syndrome, & cellulitis; s/s: bloated face & swollen eyes
93
CONJUNCTIVITIS
Inflammation of conjunctiva from a viral infection, allergy, or irritants
94
AKA: CONJUNCTIVITIS
Pink eye
95
DACRYOADENITIS
Inflammation of lacrimal gland caused by bacteria/viral/fungal infection; s/s: sudden severe pain, redness, & pressure above eye
96
DACRYOCYSTITIS
Blockage, inflammation, or infection of lacrimal sac & nasolacrimal duct accompanied by bacterial infection
97
SUBCONJUNCTIVAL HEMORRHAGE
Bleeding between conjunctiva & sclera from an injury causing red area over white of eye
98
XEROPHTHALMIA
Tear glands don’t make enough tears bc of age, systemic disease, or lack of vitamin A
99
AKA: XEROPHTHALMIA
Dry eye
100
UVEITIS
Inflammation of uvea leading to swelling, irritation, & potential permanent vision loss
101
IRITIS
Most common form of uveitis that affects primary structures in front of eye w/sudden onset for 6-8 weeks
102
CORNEAL ABRASION
Injury to outer layers of cornea
103
CORNEAL ULCER
Open sore on cornea from injury/infection; if cloudy scar left it will impair vision
104
KERATITIS
Inflammation of cornea from bacterial/viral/fungal infection or other
105
KERATOCONUS
Cornea irregular & cone-shaped leading to blurring & distorted vision
106
SCLERITIS
Inflammation of sclera from infection, chemical injuries, & autoimmune diseases
107
ANISOCORIA
Pupils unequal in size from congenital, head injury, aneurysm, or pathology of CNS
108
CATARACT
Loss of transparency of lens from accumulation of protein in lens, age, congenital, injury, or disease leading to progressive loss of visual clarity
109
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Damage to retina as complication of uncontrolled diabetes
110
ENDOPHTHALMITIS
Inflammation of intraocular fluids
111
FLOATERS
Particles of cellular debris floating in vitreous humor causing shadows on retina appearing as squiggly lines, small specks, or hair-like strands; common; caused by retinal detachment, shrinkage & detachment of collagen fibers in vitreous humor, or happens normally
112
AKA: FLOATERS
Vitreous floaters
113
PHOTOPSIA
Flashes of light from damage to eye or migraines
114
MIOSIS
Contraction of pupil from light or drugs
115
MYDRIASIS
Dilation of pupil from disease, trauma, or drugs
116
NYSTAGMUS
Involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of eye leading to limited visual acuity from congenital disorder, neurological injury, or drug use
117
PAPILLEDEMA
Swelling & inflammation of optic nerve @ point of entrance through optic disk that increases intracranial pressure leading to swelling
118
AKA: PAPILLEDEMA
Choked disk
119
RETINAL DETACHMENT
Emergency condition of separation of some/all of retina from choroid which can lead to complete detachment & blindness if untreated; s/s: floaters, flashing lights, shadows gradually obscure vision
120
RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA
Progressive degeneration of retina affecting night & peripheral vision & causes dark pigmented spots on retina
121
RETINOBLASTOMA
Rare eye cancer from growth of retinal cells; most common intraocular cancer in kids
122
GLAUCOMA
Group of diseases w/high IOP causing damage to retinal nerve fibers & optic nerve leading to eventual blindness; caused by blockage of fluid flow in & out eye
123
OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Most common; trabecular meshwork gradually blocked leading to pressure & not noticed until damage to optic nerve; detected thru eye exams
124
AKA: OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Chronic glaucoma
125
CLOSED ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Opening between cornea & iris narrows so fluid can’t reach trabecular meshwork causing a sudden increase in IOP; s/s: severe pain, nausea, eye redness, blurred vision, & blindness
126
AKA: CLOSED ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Acute glaucoma
127
MACULAR DEGENERATION
Gradually progressive & incurable condition where macula @ center of retina is damaged leading to loss of central vision
128
AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD)
Leading cause of vision loss in ppl +60 yrs; starts in 1 eye & develops in other
129
DRY MACULAR DEGENERATION
90% of all AMD w/slow deterioration of macula cells
130
WET MACULAR DEGENERATION
Advanced form of dry AMD where new vessels grow & leak causing damage to macular cells leading to rapid & severe vision loss
131
DIPLOPIA
Perception of 2 images of single object & can be symptom of serious disorder like MS or tumor
132
HEMANIOPIA
Blindness in 1/2 vision field
133
COLOR BLINDNESS
Inability to perceive certain colors normally from absence/abnormal function of cones
134
NYCTALOPIA
Normal daytime vision but difficulty seeing @ night
135
AKA: DIPLOPIA
Double vision
136
AKA: NYCTALOPIA
Night blindness
137
PHOTOPHOBIA
Excessive sensitivity to light from migraines, excessive use of contacts, drugs, or inflammation
138
PRESBYOPIA
Common changes in eye w/age such as hyperopia from loss of elasticity in lens bc of age; associated w/declining near vision, less flexible lens, & ciliary body muscles weaker
139
STRABISMUS
Eyes point in different directions or not aligned right bc of weak eye muscles so eyes cannot focus together
140
ESOTROPIA
Inward deviation of 1 or both eyes
141
EXOTROPIA
Outward deviation of 1 eye
142
AKA: STRABISMUS
Crossed eyes
143
AKA: ESOTROPIA
Cross eyes
144
AKA: EXOTROPIA
Wall eye
145
REFRACTIVE DISORDERS
Any disorder of irregular shaped lens & cornea so lens & cornea don’t bend light to focus properly leading to blurred vision
146
AMETROPIA
Any error of refraction where images don’t focus properly on retina
147
ASTIGMATISM
Uneven curvature of cornea leading to blurred vision & can accompany nearsightedness or farsightedness
148
HYPEROPIA
Generally shortened eyeball shape so light focuses behind retina making images close up blurry generally after 40 yrs
149
AKA: HYPEROPIA
Farsightedness
150
MYOPIA
Light focus in front of retina; gen around puberty
151
AKA: MYOPIA
Nearsightedness
152
AMBLYOPIA
Dimness of vision/partial loss of sight w/o disease in 1/both eyes from altered development in childhood
153
AKA: AMBLYOPIA
Lazy eye
154
SCOTOMA
Abnormal area of diminished vision surrounded by normal vision
155
AKA: SCOTOMA
Blind spot
156
IMPACTED CERUMEN
Accumulation of earwax as solid mass leading to otalgia, tinnitus, temporary hearing loss, & ear infection
157
OTALGIA
Pain in ear
158
AKA: OTALGIA
Earache
159
OTITIS
Any inflammation of ear
160
OTITIS EXTERNA
Inflammation of external auditory canal
161
AKA: OTITIS EXTERNA
Swimmer’s ear
162
OTITIS MEDIA
Inflammation of middle ear; acute or serous
163
OTOMYCOSIS
Fungal infection of external auditory canal from moist environment
164
AKA: OTOMYCOSIS
Swimmer’s ear
165
OTOPYORRHEA
Flow of pus from ear
166
OTORRHAGIA
Bleeding from ear
167
OTORRHEA
Any discharge from ear (including CSF)
168
BAROTRAUMA
Pressure related trauma from pressure change when flying/driving/diving or blockage of eustachian tube
169
CHOLESTEATOMA
Destructive epidermal cyst in middle ear/mastoid process made of epithelial cells, cholesterol, skin cells, & cerumen from congenital disorder or complication of chronic otitis media
170
AKA: CHOLESTEATOMA
Pearly tumor
171
MASTOIDITIS
Inflammation of any part of mastoid bone that can develop w/spread of uncontrolled acute otitis media
172
INFECTIOUS MYRINGITIS
Contagious inflammation causing blisters on ear drum & associated w/middle ear infection
173
OTOSCLEROSIS
Ankylosis of bones of middle ear leading to conductive hearing loss & treated w/stapedectomy
174
LABYRINTHITIS
Inflammation of labyrinth causing deafness & vertigo
175
VERTIGO
Sense of whirling, dizziness, loss of balance, nausea, & vomiting associated w/inner ear or other disorders; treated w/vestibular rehabilitation therapy
176
BENIGN PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO (BPPV)
Vestibular disorder w/shift in small crystals in semicircular canals; common cause of vertigo
177
MENIERE’S DISEASE
Relatively rare & chronic vestibular disorder of labyrinth where fluid in inner ear increases intermittently causing vertigo attacks, fluctuating hearing loss in 1 ear, & tinnitus
178
TINNITUS
Ringing, buzzing, roaring in 1/both ears associated w/hearing loss or prolonged exposure to loud noises
179
ACOUSTIC NEUROMA
Benign brain tumor adjacent to cranial nerve from auditory nerve causing hearing loss, vertigo, & tinnitus
180
DEAFNESS
Complete/partial hearing loss or inability to hear sounds @ pitch or intensity
181
PRESBYCUSIS
Gradual loss of sensorineural hearing w/age
182
CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS
Sound waves can’t pass from air to fluid in inner ear so inadequate sound-wave conduction from outer ear to ossicles caused by earwax, infection, fluid in middle ear, punctured eardrum, otosclerosis, or scarring; generally treatable
183
SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS
Auditory nerve/hair cells damaged from age, noise, or acoustic neuroma
184
AKA: SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS
Nerve deafness
185
NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS (NIHL)
Nerve deafness caused by repeated exposure to loud or moderately loud sounds from damage to cochlea or auditory nerve; gen not noticed until some hearing permanently destroyed
186
AKA: NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS
Sensorineural hearing loss
187
ASTROCYTOMA
Tumor of neuroglial tissue
188
AURA
Subjective sensation before migraine/seizure including flashing lights, numbness, tingling, or specific odor
189
BRAIN TUMOR
Intracranial mass that is either neoplastic, cystic, or inflammatory (abscess)
190
EPIDURAL HEMATOMA
Mass of blood between skull & dura mater from brain hitting the skull; the bleeding can cause pressure which causes brain damage/death
191
EPILEPSY
CNS disorder where the neural cells’ activity is disrupted; characterized by seizures, repeated twitching of limbs, & occasional loss of consciousness
192
POSTPARTUM PSYCHOSIS
Rare condition within the 1st week after birth w/confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, delusions, obsessive thoughts about baby, paranoia, sleep disturbance, & self harm/harm to baby
193
FUNCTIONAL MRI (fMRI)
Detects changes in blood flow in brain; pictures relevant brain tissue when accomplishing task
194
CAROTID ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Ultrasound study of carotid artery to detect plaque buildup or predict/diagnose ischemic stroke
195
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG)
Record electrical brain activity via electrodes & displayed as waves to diagnose conditions affecting brain function & consciousness
196
MYELOGRAPHY
Fluoroscopic & CT study of cord w/contrast via lumbar puncture; done only if MRI of spine not good enough
197
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG)
Electrodes taped/inserted to measure signals in peripheral nerves to muscle; gen paired w/nerve conduction studies
198
LUMBAR PUNCTURE
Needle into subarachnoid space to obtain CSF for diagnostic purposes
199
AKA: LUMBAR PUNCTURE
Spinal tap
200
SNELLEN CHART (SC)
Measure visual acuity as fraction; 1st/top # is standard distance (20 ft) & 2nd/bottom # is deviation from normal
201
REFRACTION TEST
Determine eye’s refractive error to find best corrective lenses; refers to ability of lens to bend light rays to focus
202
DIOPTER
Unit of measurement of lens’ refractive power
203
COVER TEST
Examine binocular vision
204
VISUAL FIELD TESTING
Indicate whether object/light seen in peripheral to determine loss in peripheral vision; a blank section indicated glaucoma/optic nerve disorder
205
AKA: VISUAL FIELD TESTING
Perimetry
206
OPHTHALMOSCOPY
Visually examine fundus (retina, optic disk, choroid, & vessels)
207
AKA: OPHTHALMOSCOPY
Fundoscopy
208
DILATION
Prep for ophthalmoscope exam using mydriatic drops to artificially enlarge pupils
209
MYDRIATIC DROPS
Temporary paralysis of pupils
210
SLIT-LAMP MICROSCOPY
Narrow beam of light focused on parts of eye to examine anterior structure thru magnification
211
FLUORESCEIN STAINING
Detect foreign bodies, infection, & injury using drops/strip applicator
212
FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY (FA)
Photographic study of blood vessels @ back of eye w/contrast & xrays to determine proper circulation throughout retina & look for disease
213
PUPILS ARE EQUAL, ROUND, REACTIVE TO LIGHT, & ACCOMMODATION (PERRLA)
Diagnostic observation; abnormality indicates brain damage or head injury
214
TONOMETRY
Measurement of IOP; abnormally high indicates glaucoma
215
AUDIOMETRY
Use audiometer to measure hearing acuity
216
AUDIOLOGICAL EVALUATION
Measure ability to hear & understand speech based on pitch & volume
217
AKA: AUDIOLOGICAL EVALUATION
Speech audiometry
218
OTOSCOPE
Instrument to examine external ear canal
219
MONAURAL TESTING
Involves 1 ear
220
BINAURAL TESTING
Involves both ears
221
TYMPANOMETRY
Air pressure in ear canal to test for middle ear disorders by testing for middle ear fluid buildup, eustachian tube obstruction, & conducting hearing loss
222
ACOUSTIC REFLECTOMETRY
Measures how much sound reflected from eardrum by testing amount of fluid in middle ear to diagnose otitis media
