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Mollie's P2a > Signs > Flashcards

Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Kussmaul’s respiration?

A

DKA, hyperkalemia

(= hyperventilation)

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2
Q

Trousseau’s sign?

A

hypoparathyroidism, hypocalcemia

(= inflation of BP cuff above systolic pressure induces hand spasm)

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3
Q

Chvostek’s sign?

A

hypoparathyroidism, hypocalcemia

(= tap over facial nerve + look for spasm of facial muscles)

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4
Q

Beck’s triad?

A

pericardial effusion

(= falling BP, rising JVP, muffled heart sounds)

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5
Q

Quincke’s sign?

A

aortic regurgitation

(= capillary pulsation in nail beds)

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6
Q

De Musset’s sign?

A

aortic regurgitation

(= head nodding with each heartbeat)

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7
Q

Traube’s sign?

A

aortic regurgitation

(= pistol-shot sound when auscultating femoral artery)

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8
Q

malar flush?

A

mitral stenosis, SLE

(= pink patches on cheeks)

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9
Q

erythema marginatum?

A

rheumatic fever

(= redness of torso + inner limbs)

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10
Q

machinery murmur?

A

patent ductus arteriosus

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11
Q

clubbed blue toes with pink non-clubbed fingers?

A

patent ductus arteriosus

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12
Q

“hair on-end” X-ray?

A

beta thalassaemia

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13
Q

pain at McBurney’s point?

A

appendicitis

(= 2/3 away from umbilicus to ASIS)

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14
Q

fetor hepaticus?

A

liver failure

(= breath smells of rotten eggs)

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15
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture?

A

DM, liver failure

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16
Q

xanthelasma?

A

liver cirrhosis, DM

(= yellow fat deposits under skin around eyes)

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17
Q

liver flap/asterixis?

A

hepatic encephalopathy

(= flapping tremor with wrist extended)

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18
Q

Courvoisier’s sign?

A

if a patient with an enlarged gallbladder has painless jaundice, they don’t have gallstones

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19
Q

Murphy’s sign?

A

acute cholecystitis

(= pain on taking a deep breath when examiner places 2 fingers on RUQ)

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20
Q

Cullen’s sign?

A

acute pancreatitis

(= periumbilical bruising)

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21
Q

Grey Turner’s sign?

A

acute pancreatitis

(= left flank bruising)

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22
Q

Kayser-Fleischer ring?

A

Wilson’s disease

(= green-brown pigment in cornea)

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23
Q

PIZZ phenotype?

A

alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

(SOB from emphysema, cirrhosis, cholestatic jaundice)

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24
Q

Heberden’s nodes?

A

osteoarthritis

(= bone swellings at DIPJs)

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25
Q

Bouchard’s nodes?

A

osteoarthritis

(= bone swellings at PIPJs)

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26
Q

ulnar deviation?

A

rheumatoid arthritis

(= fingers deviate towards the ulnar side of the wrist)

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27
Q

swan neck (/Z thumb)?

A

rheumatoid arthritis

(= hyperextension of PIPJ + flexion of DIPJ)

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28
Q

Boutonniere deformity?

A

rheumatoid arthritis

(= flexion of PIPJ + hyperextension of DIPJ)

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29
Q

hammer toe deformity?

A

rheumatoid arthritis

(= 2nd/3rd/4th toe is bent at the middle joint so it resembles a hammer)

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30
Q

bamboo spine?

A

ankylosing spondylitis

(= fusion of spinous processes)

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31
Q

“telescopic fingers”?

A

psoriatic arthritis

(= bone shortening)

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32
Q

“pencil in cup” on X-ray?

A

psoriatic arthritis

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33
Q

Gottron’s papules?

A

dermatomyositis

(= scaly erythmatosus plaques over knuckles)

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34
Q

heliotrope eyelids?

A

dermatomyositis

(= purple eyelids)

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35
Q

“sunburst” appearance on X-ray?

A

osteosarcoma

(- soft tissue calcification)

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36
Q

Brudzinski’s sign?

A

meningitis + SAH

(= severe neck stiffness causes the patient’s hips + knees to flex when the neck is flexed)

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37
Q

Kernig’s sign?

A

meningitis, SAH

(= pain/resistance with passive extension of the knee)

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38
Q

psoas sign?

A

appendicitis

(= RIF pain on right hip flexion)

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39
Q

Rosvig’s sign?

A

appendicitis

(= palpation of LIF causes pain in RIF)

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40
Q

obturator sign?

A

appendicitis

(= RIF pain on right hip flexion + internal rotation)

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41
Q

Babinski’s sign?

A

UMN lesion

(= stimulation of the lateral plantar aspect of the foot causes dorsiflexion of big toe; causes plantar flexion in health)

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42
Q

frothy urine?

A

protein in urine (e.g. nephrotic syndrome)

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43
Q

“bag of worms” in scrotum?

A

varicoele

(= distended scrotal blood vessels)

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44
Q

bright white lemon-shape on CT?

A

extradural (/epidural) haemorrhage

45
Q

dark sickle-shape on 1 hemisphere on CT?

A

subdural haemorrhage

46
Q

bright white spherical shape on CT?

A

intracerebral haemorrhage

47
Q

white star-shape on CT?

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)

48
Q

non-blanching petechial/purpuric rash?

A

meningitis

49
Q

oligoclonal IgG bands on CSF examination?

A

multiple sclerosis

50
Q

describe the parkinsonian gait

A

stooped posture, small steps, reduced arm swinging

51
Q

> 35 CAG repeats on genetic testing?

A

Huntington’s disease

52
Q

Jacksonian march?

A

focal epilepsy (in frontal lobe)

(= seizure “marches” up/down motor homunculus from face/thumb)

53
Q

anti-AChR + anti-MUSK?

A

myasthenia gravis

54
Q

anti-P/Q type VGCC Ab?

A

lambert eaton syndrome

55
Q

wrist drop?

A

radial nerve (C5-T1) palsy

56
Q

claw hand?

A

ulnar nerve (C7-T1) palsy

57
Q

foot drop?

A

sciatic nerve (L4-S3) palsy (specifically the common peroneal branch)

58
Q

flaccid paralysis?

A

LMN lesion

(= floppy)

59
Q

spastic paralysis?

A

UMN lesion

(= tense)

60
Q

“inverted champagne bottle” appearance of legs?

A

charcot-marie-tooth syndrome (CMT)

(= due to peroneal muscle atrophy of legs)

61
Q

Gower’s sign?

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

(= child uses hands on their legs to help them stand up; due to proximal muscle weakness in pelvis)

62
Q

productive cough with khaki sputum?

A

bronchiectasis

63
Q

“ground glass” appearance on HRCT of thorax?

A

interstitial lung disease (ILD)

64
Q

lupus pernio?

A

sarcoidosis

(= raised, purple skin lesions on cheeks + nose)

65
Q

crescentic glomeruli on kidney biopsy?

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

66
Q

“thumb sign” on lateral X-ray of neck?

A

acute epiglottitis

67
Q

“barking” cough?

68
Q

periorbital purpura (/”panda eyes”)?

A

amyloidosis

69
Q

“cobblestone” appearance of skin?

A

lymphoedema

70
Q

Stemmer’s sign?

A

lymphoedema

(= skin at the bottom of the 2nd toe or middle finger can’t be pinched)

71
Q

Whirlpool sign?

A

ovarian torsion

(= twisted vascular pedicle of ovaries)

72
Q

villous atrophy + crypt hyperplasia?

A

Coeliac disease

73
Q

what is Saint’s triad?

A

hiatus hernia, cholelithiasis, colonic diverticulosis

74
Q

what is Reiter’s triad?

A

conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis

(reactive arthritis; “can’t see, can’t wee, can’t climb a tree”

75
Q

pelvic/perineal pain lasting >3 months?

A

chronic prostatitis

(RFx: Trauma causing nerve damage in lower urinary tract)

76
Q

what is Charcot’s triad?

A

fever, RUQ pain, jaundice

(ascending cholangitis)

77
Q

low calcium, high phosphate, high uric acid, high potassium?

A

tumour lysis syndrome

78
Q

spiral-shaped, gram -ve bacteria?

79
Q

Tennis elbow?

A

lateral epicondylitis

80
Q

Golfer’s elbow?

A

medial epicondylitis

81
Q

CXR: “barrel chest”, flattened hemidiaphragm, cardiomegaly?

82
Q

raised serum ACE + calcium?

A

sarcoidosis

83
Q

SLE w/ skin involvement?

A

discoid lupus erythematosus

84
Q

HLA-DR7?

A

antiphospholipid syndrome

85
Q

HLA_DR2?

86
Q

HLA-DR8?

A

ankylosing spondylitis

87
Q

HLA-B27?

88
Q

HLA-DR3?

89
Q

HLA-DQ2, HLA-DQ8?

90
Q

HLA-DR4, HLA-DR5?

91
Q

CA-125?

A

ovarian cancer

(remember by “2” ovaries)

92
Q

CA-19,9?

A

pancreatic cancer

(or oesophagus or bile ducts)

93
Q

CEA?

A

colorectal cancer

(“CEA” looks like “caecum”)

94
Q

HER-2?

A

breast cancer

95
Q

BRCA?

A

breast cancer

96
Q

AFP?

A

liver cancer
non-seminoma testicular cancer

97
Q

Burning sensation whilst showering, tingling in hands + feet, + optic neuritis.
What is the most likely Dx?

98
Q

Lhermitte phenomenon?

A

neck flexion = electric shock

(MS)

99
Q

Uhthoff’s phenomenon?

A

burning after heat exposure (e.g. shower)

(MS)

100
Q

Optic neuritis?

A

painful red eye + sensitive to red

(seen in MS)

101
Q

Internuclear opthalmoplegia?

A

impaired lateral gaze

(MS)

102
Q

“Rice-water” stools?

A

cholera

(Tx: IV fluids +/- ciprofloxacin)

103
Q

Trosier’s sign?

A

enlarged Virchow’s node (i.e. left supraclavicular node) in GASTRIC CANCER

104
Q

Lofgren’s triad?

A

sarcoidosis

1) erythema nodosum
2) bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
3) polyarthralgia

105
Q

Charcot’s neurologic triad?

A

MS

1) dysarthria
2) nystagmus
3) intention tremor

106
Q

Coffee bean sign (on abdo X-ray)?

A

sigmoid volvulus

107
Q

Wenkebach phenomenon?

A

Mobitz type I (2nd heart block)

108
Q

Raindrop skull?

Mollie's P2a (18 decks)

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