ECGs

Question 1

hypercalcemia

Answer 1

tall T waves
short QT interval
no P waves

Question 2

hypocalcemia

Answer 2

flat T waves
long QT interval
narrow QRS complex
U waves

Question 3

hyperkalemia

Answer 3

“go, go tall, go long, go wide”

• no P wave
• tall “tented” T wave
• long PR
• wide QRS

Question 4

hypokalemia

Answer 4

“U have no Pot + no T but a long PR + a long QT”

Question 5

STEMI

Answer 5

ST elevation (in anterolateral leads)
HOURS LATER: T waves invert + deep, broad, pathological Q waves develop

Question 6

NSTEMI

Answer 6

T wave inversion
ST depression
R wave regression
(or may be normal)

Question 7

atrial fibrillation

Answer 7

no P waves
fine oscillation of baseline

(N.B. atria fire lots so AVN + ventricles can’t keep up –> irregularly irregular pulse)

Question 8

atrial flutter

Answer 8

narrow QRS
“sawtooth” flutter waves

(N.B. atria beat regularly but faster than normal + more than ventricles –> more P’s than QRS’s)

Question 9

1st heart block

Answer 9

long PR interval (>0.2s)
no disruption of atrial to ventricular conduction

Question 10

2nd heart block

Answer 10

long PR interval
progressive PR interval prolongation until a wave isn’t conducted –> irregular R-R interval

Question 11

3rd (/complete) heart block

Answer 11

long PR interval
QRS’s are conducted at their own rate independent of P’s

Question 12

Brugada

Answer 12

ST elevation in chest leads

Question 13

accessory pathway arrhythmia

Answer 13

delta wave
short PR interval
slurred QRS

Question 14

acute pericarditis

Answer 14

PR depression
“saddle-shaped” ST elevation

Question 15

V1-V4? (artery + leads)

Answer 15

LAD
atrial/septal leads

Question 16

II, III, aVF? (artery + leads)

Answer 16

RCA (70%), Cx (10%), both (20%)
inferior leads

Question 17

I, aVL, V5-V6? (artery + leads)

Answer 17

LCx, diagonal of LAD
lateral leads