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Mollie's P2a > Biomarkers (etc) > Flashcards

Biomarkers (etc) Flashcards

1
Q

raised T3 + T4?

A

hyperthyroidism

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2
Q

TSHR-Ab?

A

Grave’s (hyperthyroidism)

(thyroid stimulating hormone receptor Ab)

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3
Q

low T4?

A

hypothyroidism

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4
Q

TPO-Ab?

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (hypothyroidism)

(thyroid peroxidase Ab)

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5
Q

no suppression with 48 hr dexamethasone suppression test?

A

Cushing’s

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6
Q

no suppression with OGTT + raised IGF-1?

A

acromegaly

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7
Q

5HIAA?

A

carcinoid tumours + syndrome

(it is a serotonin metabolite)

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8
Q

<550 mmol/L cortisol after synthacthen test?

A

Addison’s

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9
Q

CK-MB?

A

type of creatine kinase released into blood during heart injury (e.g. ACS)

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10
Q

D-dimer?

A

protein fragment from a dissolved blood clot (e.g. DVT, DIC)

(also raised in infection, pregnancy, malignancy, post surgery)

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11
Q

troponin?

A

released into blood during heart injury (e.g. ACS)

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12
Q

myoglobin?

A

MI, rhabdomyolysis

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13
Q

BNP?

A

secreted by ventricles in response to myocardial wall stress (e.g. HF)

(brain natriuretic peptide)

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14
Q

ESR/CRP?

A

inflammation

(erythrocyte sedimentation rate / C-reactive protein)

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15
Q

auer rods?

A

AML

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16
Q

Philadelphia chromosome?

A

CML

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17
Q

smudge cells?

A

CLL

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18
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells?

A

Hodgkin’s lymphona

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19
Q

spike on electrophoresis for M-protein?

A

multiple myeloma

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20
Q

JAK2?

A

primary polycythaemia (/polycythaemia vera)

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21
Q

LDH?

A

tissue damage (e.g. anaemia, liver disease, meningitis)

(lactate dehydrogenase)

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22
Q

pANCA?

A

UC, autoimmune vasculitis

(perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic Ab)

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23
Q

faecal calprotectin?

A

inflammation of bowel (e.g. IBD)

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24
Q

EMA + tTg?

A

coeliac disease

(both are IgA)

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25
C-urea breath test?
H.pylori
26
"owl-eye" inclusion bodies?
cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
27
ALT?
liver damage (also infection) (alanine transaminase)
28
AST?
liver damage (also damage to other tissues) (aspartate aminotransferase)
29
ALP?
liver/bone damage (e.g. osteomalacia) (alkaline phosphatase)
30
AFP?
liver tumour (alpha fetoprotein)
31
bilirubin?
liver or bile duct problems increased rate of RBC destruction
32
creatinine?
kidney disease
33
anti-RO, anti-Sm, anti-a?
SLE, Sjogren's syndrome (anti-Smith)
34
anti-dsDNA?
SLE (anti-double stranded DNA)
35
RhF + anti-CCP?
rheumatoid arthritis (rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide)
36
ANA?
autoimmune disease (e.g. SLE) (antinuclear Ab)
37
ASMA + anti-LKM-1?
autoimmune hepatitis (or other autoimmune diseases) (anti-smooth muscle Ab, anti-liver-kidney microsomal Ab)
38
PT (prothrombin time)?
time taken for blood to clot via extrinsic pathway (e.g. DIC)
39
INR (international normalised ratio)?
standardised version of PT test, commonly used with patients on anticoagulants (e.g. DIC)
40
aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)?
time taken for blood to clot via intrinsic pathway (e.g. DIC, haemophilia, vWD disease)
41
low faecal elastase?
pancreatic insufficiency (e.g. acute pancreatitis)
42
raised serum amylase?
acute pancreatitis
43
negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals (with joint aspiration)?
gout (= monosodium urate)
44
positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals (with joint aspiration)?
pseudogout (= calcium pyrophosphate)
45
"saddle-nose" deformity?
Wegener's granulomatosis (/granulomatosis with polyangiitis)
46
raised urinary hydroxyproline?
Paget's disease of bone
47
Schober test?
ankylosing spondylitis (= a mark is made at the 5th lumbar spinous process + 10cm above with the patient stood up; on bending forward the distance increases <5cm; 15cm in health)
48
HLA-B8/DR3?
dermatomyositis, polymyositis
49
HLA-B27?
autoimmune disease (e.g. ankylosing spondylitis)
50
Gottron's papules?
dermatomyositis (= scaly erythematous plaques over knuckles)
51
PKD1 (chromosome 16) or PKD2 (chromosome 4)?
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
52
PKHD1 (chromosome 6)?
autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)
53
T.pallidum antigen or non-specific (RPR, VDRL)?
syphilis (treponema pallidum bacterium, RPR = rapid plasma reagin, VDRL = venereal disease research laboratory)
54
BRCA1 (chromosome 17) + BRCA2 (chromosome 13)?
breast cancer
55
lupus anticoagulant?
antiphospholipid syndrome
56
anticardiolipin?
antiphospholipid syndrome
57
anti-beta 2 glycoprotein-1?
antiphospholipid syndrome
58
Most specific Ab for SLE?
anti-Sm (anti-Smith Ab)
59
anti-RNA?
SLE, scleroderma (anti-ribonuclear protein)
60
antibody to topoisomerase I (SCI-70)?
diffuse scleroderma
61
anti-centromere antibody?
limited sclerosis
62
cANCA?
Wegener's granulomatosis (cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic Ab)
63
anti-histone?
drug-induced SLE
64
anti-jo1?
dermatomyositis / polymyositis, PBC
65
APC gene mutation?
FAP (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis) (= predisposes to colorectal carcinoma)
66
hMSH1 or hMSH2 gene mutation?
Lynch syndrome (/ Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer, HNPCC) (= predisposes to colorectal carcinoma)
67
T score -1 to -2.5?
osteopenia
68
T score < -2.5?
osteoporosis
69
Ab to voltage-gated calcium channels?
Myasthenia Gravis + Lambert-Eaton
70
Ab to myeloperoxidase?
Wegener's granulomatosis
71
high lactate?
malignancy, infection/sepsis, DKA, thiamine deficiency, liver problems
72
hepatic vs cholestatic problem?
Hepatic: raised ALT/AST Cholestatic: raised ALP ("P" for "PiPes" = ducts)
73
most SPECIFIC antibody for RA?
anti-CCP
74
most SENSITIVE antibody for RA?
RhF
75
anti 21-hydroxylase?
Addison's
76
anti-GAD?
T1DM

Mollie's P2a (18 decks)

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