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Mollie's P2a > Common Comparisons > Flashcards

Common Comparisons Flashcards

1
Q

location of ARTERIAL ULCERS vs VENOUS ULCERS?

A

Arterial:
Tips of toes, lateral malleolus

Venous:
Gaiter area

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2
Q

appearance of ARTERIAL ULCERS?

A

punched-out
pale tissue
minimally exudative

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3
Q

appearance of VENOUS ULCERS?

A

irregular shape
firm oedema
moderately-highly exudative

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4
Q

ISCHAEMIC COLITIS vs MESENTERIC ISCHAEMIA:
patho?

A

Ischaemic colitis:
Restricted blood flow to LI

Mesenteric ischaemia:
Restricted blood flow to SI

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5
Q

ISCHAEMIC COLITIS vs MESENTERIC ISCHAEMIA:
most common cause?

A

Ischaemic colitis:
IMA thrombosis

Mesenteric ischaemia:
SMA thrombosis

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6
Q

ISCHAEMIC COLITIS vs MESENTERIC ISCHAEMIA:
Sx?

A

Ischaemic colitis:
low left abdo pain

Mesenteric ischaemia:
central/RIF abdo pain

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7
Q

ISCHAEMIC COLITIS vs MESENTERIC ISCHAEMIA:
Gold Ix?

A

Ischaemic colitis:
colonoscopy + biopsy

Mesenteric ischaemia:
CT w/ contrast

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8
Q

ISCHAEMIC COLITIS vs MESENTERIC ISCHAEMIA:
Tx?

A

Both:
IV fluids + Abx, Heparin

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9
Q

RA vs OA:
Age of onset?

A

RA:
Any age

OA:
Later in life

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10
Q

RA vs OA:
Speed of onset

A

RA:
Rapid (weeks-months)

OA:
Slow (years)

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11
Q

RA vs OA:
Distribution?

A

RA:
Symmetrical polyarthritis

OA:
Asymmetrical monoarthritis (–> poly)

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12
Q

RA vs OA:
Joints affected?

A

RA:
Small joints of hands + feet (MCP + PIP)

OA:
Weight-bearing joints (knee, hip, base of thumb, big toe)

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13
Q

RA vs OA:
Are DIP joints spared?

A

RA:
YES - DIP spared

OA:
NO - DIP affected

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14
Q

RA vs OA:
Duration of morning stiffness?

A

RA:
>30 mins

OA:
<30 mins

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15
Q

RA vs OA:
When is stiffness worst (am/pm)?

A

RA:
am

OA:
pm

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16
Q

RA vs OA:
Effect of movement?

A

RA:
pain eases

OA:
pain worsens

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17
Q

RA vs OA:
Any systemic Sx?

A

RA:
Yes (fatigue, fever, night sweats)

OA:
No

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18
Q

GOUT vs PSEUDOGOUT:
Crystals?

A

Gout:
Monosodium urate crystals

Pseudogout:
Calcium pyrophosphate crystals

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19
Q

GOUT vs PSEUDOGOUT:
Serum uric acid levels?

A

Gout:
Raised

Pseudogout:
Normal

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20
Q

GOUT vs PSEUDOGOUT:
Joints affected?

A

Gout:
Small joints (esp. big toe)

Pseudogout:
Large joints (esp. knee)

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21
Q

GOUT vs PSEUDOGOUT:
Pain severity?

A

Gout:
Severe

Pseudogout:
Moderate

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22
Q

GOUT vs PSEUDOGOUT:
Common age + gender?

A

Gout:
<40 yrs men

Pseudogout:
Elderly women

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23
Q

NEPHROTIC vs NEPHRITIC:
Severity of proteinuria?

A

Nephrotic:
Severe (“o” in “nephrotic” means “lots” of protein)

Nephritic:
Mild

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24
Q

NEPHROTIC vs NEPHRITIC:
Which has hypoalbuminemia?

A

Nephrotic

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25
NEPHROTIC vs NEPHRITIC: Which has peripheral oedema?
Nephrotic
26
NEPHROTIC vs NEPHRITIC: Which has hyperlipidaemia?
Nephrotic
27
NEPHROTIC vs NEPHRITIC: Which has oliguria?
nephritic
28
NEPHROTIC vs NEPHRITIC: Which has haematuria ("coca-cola urine")?
nephritic
29
NEPHROTIC vs NEPHRITIC: Which has HTN?
nephritic
30
IgA nephropathy (/Berger's) - nephritic or nephrotic?
nephritic
31
Post-strep glomerulonephritis- nephritic or nephrotic?
nephritic
32
Goodpasture's syndrome - nephritic or nephrotic?
nephritic
33
SLE neuropathy - nephritic or nephrotic?
nephritic
34
Minimal change disease - nephritic or nephrotic?
nephrotic
35
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - nephritic or nephrotic?
nephrotic
36
Membranous nephropathy - nephritic or nephrotic?
nephrotic
37
TYPE 1 vs TYPE 2 resp failure: pO2 + pCO2?
Type 1: low pO2, low/normal pCO2 Type 2: low pO2, high pCO2
38
TYPE 1 vs TYPE 2 resp failure: Most common cause?
Type 1: PE Type 2: Hypoventilation
39
TYPE 1 vs TYPE 2 resp failure: Examples?
Type 1: PE, ILD (fibrosing alveolitis, sarcoidosis) Type 2: Hypoventilation, asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, pneumonia
40
TYPE 1 vs TYPE 2 resp failure: Restrictive or obstructive?
Type 1: Restrictive (V/Q mismatch so O2 struggles to cross the alveolar wall into blood but CO2 is more soluble so can cross) Type 2: Obstructive (both O2 + CO2 struggle to get in + out of alveoli, maybe due to alvolar wall thickening)
41
TYPE 1 vs TYPE 2 resp failure: FEV1/FVC?
Type 1: FEV1/FVC >0.7 Type 2: FEV1/FVC <0.7
42
TYPE 1 vs TYPE 2 resp failure: FVC + FEV1?
Type 1: FVC + FEV1 <80% PV Type 2: FEV1 lower than FVC
43
TYPE 1 vs TYPE 2 resp failure: Tx?
Type 1: Needs O2 Type 2: Needs help with breathing (e.g. mechanical ventilation)
44
TYPE 1 vs TYPE 2 resp failure: Signs + Sx?
Type 1: Small lung volume Most of breath out in first second Type 2: Bounding pulse Flapping tremor Confusion Reduced GCS
45
UC vs Crohn's: How deep is the inflammation?
UC: Mucosal only Crohn's: Transmural
46
UC vs Crohn's: What part of the gut is affected?
UC: Never affects proximal to the ilocaecal valve Crohn's: Any part of gut
47
UC vs Crohn's: Is inflammation continuous or not?
UC: Continuous Crohn's: Skip lesions
48
UC vs Crohn's: Which has a cobblestone appearance?
Crohn's
49
UC vs Crohn's: Which has lots of granulomas?
Crohn's
50
UC vs Crohn's: Which has more crypt abscesses?
UC
51
UC vs Crohn's: Give 2 extra-intestinal signs
Clubbing, oral aphthous ulcers
52
UC vs Crohn's: Where is the pain?
UC: LLQ pain Crohn's: RIF pain
53
UC vs Crohn's: pANCA?
UC: +ve pANCA Crohn's: -ve pANCA
54
UC vs Crohn's: Which has depleted goblet cells?
UC
55
UC vs Crohn's: Effect of smoking?
UC: Protective (so is appendicectomy) Crohn's: Exacerbates Sx
56
UC vs Crohn's: Any complications?
UC: PSC (primary sclerosing cholangitis)
57
UC vs Crohn's: Tx if mild?
UC: 5-ASA (e.g. Mesalazine) Crohn's: Prednisolone
58
UC vs Crohn's: Tx if severe?
UC: Prednisolone Crohn's: IV/rectal hydrocortisone +/- Abx
59
UC vs Crohn's: Tx to maintain remission?
Azathioprine
60
IgA nephropathy vs post-strep glomerulonephritis?
IgA nephropathy: Illness DAYS before Post-strep glomerulonephritis: Resp illness 2-3 WEEKS before

Mollie's P2a (18 decks)

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