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Mollie's P2a > Common Comparisons > Flashcards

Common Comparisons Flashcards

1
Q

location of ARTERIAL ULCERS vs VENOUS ULCERS?

A

Arterial:
Tips of toes, lateral malleolus

Venous:
Gaiter area

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2
Q

appearance of ARTERIAL ULCERS?

A

punched-out
pale tissue
minimally exudative

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3
Q

appearance of VENOUS ULCERS?

A

irregular shape
firm oedema
moderately-highly exudative

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4
Q

ISCHAEMIC COLITIS vs MESENTERIC ISCHAEMIA:
patho?

A

Ischaemic colitis:
Restricted blood flow to LI

Mesenteric ischaemia:
Restricted blood flow to SI

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5
Q

ISCHAEMIC COLITIS vs MESENTERIC ISCHAEMIA:
most common cause?

A

Ischaemic colitis:
IMA thrombosis

Mesenteric ischaemia:
SMA thrombosis

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6
Q

ISCHAEMIC COLITIS vs MESENTERIC ISCHAEMIA:
Sx?

A

Ischaemic colitis:
low left abdo pain

Mesenteric ischaemia:
central/RIF abdo pain

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7
Q

ISCHAEMIC COLITIS vs MESENTERIC ISCHAEMIA:
Gold Ix?

A

Ischaemic colitis:
colonoscopy + biopsy

Mesenteric ischaemia:
CT w/ contrast

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8
Q

ISCHAEMIC COLITIS vs MESENTERIC ISCHAEMIA:
Tx?

A

Both:
IV fluids + Abx, Heparin

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9
Q

RA vs OA:
Age of onset?

A

RA:
Any age

OA:
Later in life

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10
Q

RA vs OA:
Speed of onset

A

RA:
Rapid (weeks-months)

OA:
Slow (years)

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11
Q

RA vs OA:
Distribution?

A

RA:
Symmetrical polyarthritis

OA:
Asymmetrical monoarthritis (–> poly)

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12
Q

RA vs OA:
Joints affected?

A

RA:
Small joints of hands + feet (MCP + PIP)

OA:
Weight-bearing joints (knee, hip, base of thumb, big toe)

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13
Q

RA vs OA:
Are DIP joints spared?

A

RA:
YES - DIP spared

OA:
NO - DIP affected

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14
Q

RA vs OA:
Duration of morning stiffness?

A

RA:
>30 mins

OA:
<30 mins

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15
Q

RA vs OA:
When is stiffness worst (am/pm)?

A

RA:
am

OA:
pm

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16
Q

RA vs OA:
Effect of movement?

A

RA:
pain eases

OA:
pain worsens

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17
Q

RA vs OA:
Any systemic Sx?

A

RA:
Yes (fatigue, fever, night sweats)

OA:
No

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18
Q

GOUT vs PSEUDOGOUT:
Crystals?

A

Gout:
Monosodium urate crystals

Pseudogout:
Calcium pyrophosphate crystals

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19
Q

GOUT vs PSEUDOGOUT:
Serum uric acid levels?

A

Gout:
Raised

Pseudogout:
Normal

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20
Q

GOUT vs PSEUDOGOUT:
Joints affected?

A

Gout:
Small joints (esp. big toe)

Pseudogout:
Large joints (esp. knee)

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21
Q

GOUT vs PSEUDOGOUT:
Pain severity?

A

Gout:
Severe

Pseudogout:
Moderate

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22
Q

GOUT vs PSEUDOGOUT:
Common age + gender?

A

Gout:
<40 yrs men

Pseudogout:
Elderly women

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23
Q

NEPHROTIC vs NEPHRITIC:
Severity of proteinuria?

A

Nephrotic:
Severe (“o” in “nephrotic” means “lots” of protein)

Nephritic:
Mild

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24
Q

NEPHROTIC vs NEPHRITIC:
Which has hypoalbuminemia?

A

Nephrotic

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25
Q

NEPHROTIC vs NEPHRITIC:
Which has peripheral oedema?

26
Q

NEPHROTIC vs NEPHRITIC:
Which has hyperlipidaemia?

27
Q

NEPHROTIC vs NEPHRITIC:
Which has oliguria?

28
Q

NEPHROTIC vs NEPHRITIC:
Which has haematuria (“coca-cola urine”)?

29
Q

NEPHROTIC vs NEPHRITIC:
Which has HTN?

30
Q

IgA nephropathy (/Berger’s) - nephritic or nephrotic?

31
Q

Post-strep glomerulonephritis- nephritic or nephrotic?

32
Q

Goodpasture’s syndrome - nephritic or nephrotic?

33
Q

SLE neuropathy - nephritic or nephrotic?

34
Q

Minimal change disease - nephritic or nephrotic?

35
Q

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - nephritic or nephrotic?

36
Q

Membranous nephropathy - nephritic or nephrotic?

37
Q

TYPE 1 vs TYPE 2 resp failure:
pO2 + pCO2?

A

Type 1:
low pO2, low/normal pCO2

Type 2:
low pO2, high pCO2

38
Q

TYPE 1 vs TYPE 2 resp failure:
Most common cause?

A

Type 1:
PE

Type 2:
Hypoventilation

39
Q

TYPE 1 vs TYPE 2 resp failure:
Examples?

A

Type 1:
PE, ILD (fibrosing alveolitis, sarcoidosis)

Type 2:
Hypoventilation, asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, pneumonia

40
Q

TYPE 1 vs TYPE 2 resp failure:
Restrictive or obstructive?

A

Type 1:
Restrictive
(V/Q mismatch so O2 struggles to cross the alveolar wall into blood but CO2 is more soluble so can cross)

Type 2:
Obstructive
(both O2 + CO2 struggle to get in + out of alveoli, maybe due to alvolar wall thickening)

41
Q

TYPE 1 vs TYPE 2 resp failure:
FEV1/FVC?

A

Type 1:
FEV1/FVC >0.7

Type 2:
FEV1/FVC <0.7

42
Q

TYPE 1 vs TYPE 2 resp failure:
FVC + FEV1?

A

Type 1:
FVC + FEV1 <80% PV

Type 2:
FEV1 lower than FVC

43
Q

TYPE 1 vs TYPE 2 resp failure:
Tx?

A

Type 1:
Needs O2

Type 2:
Needs help with breathing (e.g. mechanical ventilation)

44
Q

TYPE 1 vs TYPE 2 resp failure:
Signs + Sx?

A

Type 1:
Small lung volume
Most of breath out in first second

Type 2:
Bounding pulse
Flapping tremor
Confusion
Reduced GCS

45
Q

UC vs Crohn’s:
How deep is the inflammation?

A

UC:
Mucosal only

Crohn’s:
Transmural

46
Q

UC vs Crohn’s:
What part of the gut is affected?

A

UC:
Never affects proximal to the ilocaecal valve

Crohn’s:
Any part of gut

47
Q

UC vs Crohn’s:
Is inflammation continuous or not?

A

UC:
Continuous

Crohn’s:
Skip lesions

48
Q

UC vs Crohn’s:
Which has a cobblestone appearance?

49
Q

UC vs Crohn’s:
Which has lots of granulomas?

50
Q

UC vs Crohn’s:
Which has more crypt abscesses?

51
Q

UC vs Crohn’s:
Give 2 extra-intestinal signs

A

Clubbing, oral aphthous ulcers

52
Q

UC vs Crohn’s:
Where is the pain?

A

UC:
LLQ pain

Crohn’s:
RIF pain

53
Q

UC vs Crohn’s:
pANCA?

A

UC:
+ve pANCA

Crohn’s:
-ve pANCA

54
Q

UC vs Crohn’s:
Which has depleted goblet cells?

55
Q

UC vs Crohn’s:
Effect of smoking?

A

UC:
Protective
(so is appendicectomy)

Crohn’s:
Exacerbates Sx

56
Q

UC vs Crohn’s:
Any complications?

A

UC:
PSC (primary sclerosing cholangitis)

57
Q

UC vs Crohn’s:
Tx if mild?

A

UC:
5-ASA (e.g. Mesalazine)

Crohn’s:
Prednisolone

58
Q

UC vs Crohn’s:
Tx if severe?

A

UC:
Prednisolone

Crohn’s:
IV/rectal hydrocortisone +/- Abx

59
Q

UC vs Crohn’s:
Tx to maintain remission?

A

Azathioprine

60
Q

IgA nephropathy vs post-strep glomerulonephritis?

A

IgA nephropathy:
Illness DAYS before

Post-strep glomerulonephritis:
Resp illness 2-3 WEEKS before

Mollie's P2a (18 decks)

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