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Mollie's P2a > Other > Flashcards

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1
Q

Haemochromatosis: potential effect on urogenital system?

A

testicular atrophy

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2
Q

Haemophilia: mode of inheritance?

A

X linked recessive

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3
Q

MS: what cells are affected?

A

oligodendrocytes

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4
Q

Broca’s: blood supply?

A

superior MCA

(thrombosis may cause expressive aphasia)

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5
Q

Wernicke’s: blood supply?

A

inferior MCA

(thrombosis may cause receptive aphasia)

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6
Q

What cancer is commonly caused by schistosomiasis?

A

bladder squamous cell carcinoma

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7
Q

Osteomyelitis: most common cause in sickle cell patients?

A

Salmonella

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8
Q

GCA: initial Ix?

A

raised ESR

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9
Q

Which type of PKD is more common + which is more severe?

A

ADPKD:
MORE common, less severe

ARPKD:
Less common, MORE severe

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10
Q

Which type of PKD is associated with Berry aneurysms?

A

ADPKD

(Berry aneurysm = SAH)

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11
Q

HF: 2 recommended dietary changes?

A

less sodium, less water

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12
Q

Causes of hypercalcemia?

A

MM, sarcoidosis, Paget’s, CKD, dehydration, low vit D

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13
Q

2 causes of asterixis?

A

hepatic encephalopathy
chronic CO2 retention

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14
Q

MS: what eye problem is associated?

A

optic neuritis

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15
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis: what eye problem is associated?

A

acute anterior uveitis

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16
Q

Anaphylaxis: brief pathophysiology?

A
  1. Allergen binds to IgE
  2. This stimulates mast cell degranulation
  3. This releases histamine/tryptase
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17
Q

Anaphylaxis: Ix?

A

raised serum mast cell TRYPTASE

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18
Q

Anaphylaxis: effect on bronchi?

A

bronchoconstriction

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19
Q

Anaphylaxis: effect on blood vessels?

A

vasodilation

(+ increased vessel permeability)

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20
Q

Unstable angina: how to differentiate from other ACS?

A

normal troponin

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21
Q

New onset LBBB - which ACS?

A

STEMI

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22
Q

DDx for AF?

A

ventricular ectopic

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23
Q

4 exceptions to rate-control for AF?

A
  1. Reversible cause
  2. New onser (within 48hrs)
  3. AF causing HF
  4. Sx remain after rate-control
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24
Q

AF: 3 examples of rate-control?

A

beta-blocker, CCB, Digoxin

25
Q

AF: 3 examples of rhythm-control?

A

fleicanide, amiodarone, DC cardioversion

26
Q

Tx for paroxysmal AF?

A

“pill-in-pocket” fleicanide

27
Q

Define malignant HTN

A

HTN associated with end organ damage

28
Q

What endo disease can SCLC cause?

A

Cushing’s (since metastases produce ACTH)

29
Q

Name the tumour that may cause Horner’s?

A

pancoast tumour

30
Q

likely Dx of cough (w/ blood), night sweats, + weight loss?

31
Q

leukaemia associated with Down’s syndrome?

32
Q

most common cause of osteomyelitis in IVDU?

A

P.aeruginosa

33
Q

neurological Sx post-gastritis?

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome due to Campylobacter jejuni

34
Q

most common organism in CAP?

A

Strep. pneumoniae

35
Q

primary hypothyoidism?

A

THYROID GLAND dysfunction

high TSH, low T3/T4

36
Q

tertiary hypothyroidism?

A

HYPOTHALAMIC dysfunction

low TRH, low TSH, low T3/T4

37
Q

secondary hypothyroidism?

A

PITUITARY GLAND dysfunction

high TRH, low TSH, low T3/T4

38
Q

primary hypercalcemia: PTH, Ca, phosphate?

A

high PTH
high Ca
low phosphate

39
Q

secondary hypercalcemia: PTH, Ca, phosphate?

A

high PTH
low Ca
high phosphate

40
Q

tertiary hypercalcemia: PTH, Ca, phosphate?

A

high PTH
high Ca
high phosphate

41
Q

STEMI: Management?

A

1st: “MONA”
Within 2 hrs: PCI
>2 hrs: Fibrinolysis w/ Alteplase (within 12 hrs)

42
Q

which cancer is BENZENE exposure a RFx for?

43
Q

which cancer is AFLATOXIN a RFx for?

A

liver cancer

(produced by fungi such as Aspergillus)

44
Q

most common cause of SMALL bowel obstruction?

A

surgical adhesions

45
Q

Legionnaire’s disease:
What is it?
Causative organism?
Epidemiology?
Key Sx?

A

A severe form of pneumonia
Legionella pneumophilia (also caused by pneumococcal pneumonia)
Found in water sources + unclean air-conditioning units (esp. in Spain)
Rusty-coloured sputum

46
Q

most common cause of IE?

A

Strep. viridans (optochin resistance alpha-haemolytic strep)

47
Q

Recommended alcohol units?

A

14 units
over 3+ days
no more than 5 units in 1 day

48
Q

Which types of viral hepatitis have available vaccines?

49
Q

Hepatic encephalopathy: build up of what substance (in the brain)?

A

ammonia

(since less is metabolised by the liver)

50
Q

3 causes of liver cirrhosis?

A

alcohol excess
hep B + C
NAFLD

51
Q

4 complications of liver cirrhosis?

A

ascites
varices (e.g. oesophageal)
HCC
malnutrition

52
Q

Tx for bleeding varices?

A

Terlipressin, Abx, endoscopy

53
Q

Tx for stable varices?

A

Propanolol, band ligation

54
Q

Extra-pulmonary signs in sarcoidosis?

A

Erythema nodosum
Polyarthritis
Lupus pernio
Uveitis
Arrhythmias

55
Q

DDx for bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on CXR?

A

Infection: TB, Mycoplasma
Malignancy: Lymphoma (mainly Hodgkin’s), carcinoma
Inorganic dust disease: Silicosis, Berylliosis
Other: Sarcoidosis, HF

56
Q

4 signs of TB on CXR?

A

Dense homogenous opacity
Pleural effusion
Ghon complex
Hilar lymphadenopathy

57
Q

viral hepatitis: types with vaccines?

58
Q

viral hepatitis: types which are blood-borne?

59
Q

viral hepatitis: DNA?

A

B

(rest are RNA)

Mollie's P2a (18 decks)

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