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Mollie's P2a > P2a Drug List > Flashcards

P2a Drug List Flashcards

1
Q

What drug type is Alendronate?

A

Bisphosphonate

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2
Q

MOA of Alendronate?

A

Inhibit RANK-L signalling to osteoclast by osteoblast so reduces bone resorption

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3
Q

Use of Alendronate?

A

Osteoporosis, bone malignancy, myeloma, long term steroids

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4
Q

MOA of Atenolol?

A

Cardioselective beta-blocker (only inhibits beta-1 on heart)

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5
Q

Use of Atenolol?

A

Angina, ACS, arrhytmia (AF, AFL)

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6
Q

Contraindication of Atenolol?

A

Absolute asthma

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7
Q

What drug type is Atracurium?

A

Muscle relaxant

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8
Q

MOA of Atracurium?

A

Competitively binds to cholinergic (muscarinic/nicotinic) receptors at NMJ + inhibits ACh action (M3 ACh antagonist)

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9
Q

Use of Atracurium?

A

Surgery

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10
Q

What drug type is Bendroflumethiazaide?

A

Thiazide diuretic

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11
Q

MOA of Bendroflumethiazide?

A

Inhibits Na-Cl cotransporter in DCT

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12
Q

Use of Bendroflumethiazide?

A

Hypertension

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13
Q

What drug type is Cefuroxime?

A

3rd generation cephalosporin (beta-lactam)

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14
Q

Use of Cefuroxime?

A

UTIs (incl. prostatitis + pyelonephritis), hospital acquired pneumonia

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15
Q

MOA of Celecoxib?

A

Selective COX-2 inhibiting NSAID

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16
Q

Use of Celecoxib?

A

Pain relief in osteoarthritis, RA, ankylosing spondylitis

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17
Q

What drug type is Chloramphenicol?

A

Potent antibiotic

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18
Q

Use of Chloramphenicol?

A

Usually eye drops for eye infections

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19
Q

MOA of Ciclosporin?

A

Calcineurin inhibitor –> activates T cell response –> causes immunosuppression

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20
Q

Use of Ciclosporin?

A

RA, psoriasis, nephrotic syndrome, Crohn’s, dermatitis, + sicca (eye drops)

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21
Q

What drug is similar to Ciclosporin?

A

Tacrolimus

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22
Q

What drug type is Ciprofloxacin?

A

Fluoroquinolone

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23
Q

MOA of Ciprofloxacin?

A

DNA gyrase + topoisomerase inhibition

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24
Q

Use of Ciprofloxacin?

A

Many infections (e.g. gram-negative bacteria)

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25
Q

Components of Co-amoxiclav?

A

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

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26
Q

MOA of Co-Amoxiclav?

A

Beta-lactam + beta-lactamase inhibitor so very useful for beta-lactamase producing bacterial strains where amoxicillin alone is insufficient

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27
Q

Use of Co-amoxiclav?

A

Sinusitis, UTI, skin infection, joint infection, dental infection

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28
Q

What drug type is Diamorphine?

A

Opioid analgesic 2x stronger than morphine

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29
Q

What is Diamorphine also known as?

A

Heroin

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30
Q

Use of Diamorphine?

A

Analgesia but not to use long-term (tolerance, dependance, withdrawal, etc)

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31
Q

What drug type is Dalteparin?

A

LMWH (low molecular weight heparin)

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32
Q

MOA of Dalteparin?

A

Inhibits antithrombin II (so an anticoagulant)

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33
Q

Use of Dalteparin?

A

DVT + PE to prevent risk of MI/stroke (ischaemic)

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34
Q

How is Dobutamine administered?

A

IV only

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35
Q

MOA of Dobutamine?

A

Beta1-adrenergic agonist (positively inotropic)

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36
Q

Use of Dobutamine?

A

Cardiogenic shock, severe heart failure

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37
Q

What drug is similar to Doxazosin?

A

Tamsulosin

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38
Q

MOA of Doxazosin?

A

Alpha-adrenergic antagonist (alpha-blocker)

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39
Q

Use of Doxazosin?

A

Hypertension, pheochromocytoma (+ hypertension crisis, BPH (relax detrusor muscle neck –> easy pee)

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40
Q

Use of Ephedrine?

A

Nose drops for nasal congestion, prevents low BP during anaesthesia

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41
Q

What drug type is Ephedrine?

A

Stimulant (found in plants)

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42
Q

MOA of Erythromycin?

A

Macrolide so inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

43
Q

What drugs are similar to Erythromycin?

A

Clarithromycin, azithromycin

44
Q

Use of Erythromycin?

A

Community acquired pneumonia, URTI, pertussis, diphteria

45
Q

What drug type is Ethinylestradiol?

A

Oestrogen replacement (HRT)

46
Q

Use of Ethinylestradiol?

A

Treats postmenopausally reduced oestrogen (which can cause osteoporosis)

47
Q

What drug type is Furosemide?

A

Loop diuretic

48
Q

MOA of Furosemide?

A

Inhibits NKCC2 transporter in ascending loop of Henle

49
Q

Use of Furosemide?

A

Hypertension

50
Q

What drug type is Ipratropium bromide?

51
Q

MOA of Ipratropium bromide?

A

Inhaled M3 antagonist (causes bronchodilation)

52
Q

Use of Ipratropium bromide?

53
Q

What drug type is Loperamide?

A

Antimotility agent

54
Q

Use of Loperamide?

A

Severe diarrhoea (e.g. IBS)

55
Q

Contraindications of Loperamide?

A

Constipation

56
Q

What drug type is Metformin?

57
Q

MOA of Metformin?

A

Increases peripheral sensitivity to insulin

58
Q

Use of Metformin?

59
Q

SEs of Metformin?

A

GI upset, anorexia

60
Q

What drug type is Methotrexate?

A

DMARD (disease modifying antirheumatic drug)

61
Q

MOA of Methotrexate?

A

Folate synthesis inhibition)

62
Q

Use of Methotrexate?

A

Mainly: RA, psoriasis
Also: Reactive arthritis

63
Q

Contraindications of Methotrexate?

64
Q

What drug type is Oxybutynin?

A

Antimuscarinic

65
Q

Uses of Oxybutynin?

A

Overactive bladder (LUTIs, incontinence)

66
Q

What drug type is Paracetamol?

A

Mild analgesic

67
Q

Uses of Paracetamol?

A

Fever, mild/moderate pain

68
Q

SEs of Paracetamol?

A

Overdoses can be fatal

69
Q

What drug type is Ramipril?

70
Q

MOA of Ramipril?

A

Inhibits angiotensin 1 –> angiotensin 2 so decreases aldosterone + ADH

71
Q

Uses of Ramipril?

A

Hypertension

72
Q

SEs of Ramipril?

A

Hypokalaemia, severe dehydration, AKI, dry cough

73
Q

MOA of Rifampicin?

A

RNA polymerase inhibiting antibiotic

74
Q

Use of Rifampicin?

A

TB (taken for 6 months)

75
Q

SEs of Rifampicin?

A

Red/orange coloured urine + tears

76
Q

What drug type is Rivaroxaban?

A

DOAC (direct-acting oral anticoagulant)

77
Q

MOA of Rivaraoxaban?

A

Factor Xa inhibitor

78
Q

Use of Rivaroxaban?

A

First-line prophylactically for DVT + PE

79
Q

What drug type is Salmeterol?

A

LAB2A (inhaled beta-2 agonist)

80
Q

Uses of Salmeterol?

A

Used later down the “ladder” of management for asthma + COPD

81
Q

What is Sildenafil also known as?

82
Q

MOA of Sildenafil?

A

Potent selective inhibitor of cGMP-specific PDE-5

83
Q

Use of Sildenafil?

A

Erectile dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension

84
Q

MOA of Suxamethonium?

A

Very rapid acting “depolarising type” neuromuscular function blocking agent so temporary paralysis inducing

85
Q

Uses of Suxamethonium?

A

General anaesthesia, tracheal intubation

86
Q

What type of drug is Tamsulosin?

A

Alpha-blocker

87
Q

MOA of Tamsulosin?

A

Inhibits alpha-adrenergic receptors so relaxes bladder neck to make it easier to wee

88
Q

Uses of Tamsulosin?

89
Q

SEs of Tamsulosin?

A

Postural hypotension

90
Q

What drug type is Tramadol?

A

Synthetic opioid pain reliever

91
Q

Uses of Tramadol?

A

Moderate/severe pain

92
Q

MOA of Tramadol?

A

Weaker than morphine but acts on opioid receptors in CNS (u receptor)

93
Q

aspirin - side effects?

94
Q

beta blockers - contraindications?

95
Q

carbimazole - side effects?

A

agranulocytosis

(used in hyperthyroidism)

96
Q

carbimazole - contraindications?

A

pregnancy –> teratogenic

(used in hyperthyroidism)

97
Q

dapagliflozin - side effects?

A

UTIs

(used in T2DM)

98
Q

gliclazide - side effects?

A

hypoglycaemia, weight gain

(used in T2DM)

99
Q

metformin - contraindications?

A

patients with eGFR of <30 ml/min

(used in T2DM)

100
Q

methotrexate - contraindications?

A

pregnancy –> teratogenic
give AZATHIOPRINE instead

(used in rheumatoid + psoriatic arthritis)

101
Q

ramipril - contraindications?

A

pregnancy –> teratogenic

102
Q

sodium valproate - contraindications?

A

pregnancy –> teratogenic

(used in generalised epilepsy)

103
Q

tamsulosin - side effects?

A

postural hypotension

(used in resistant HTN + BPH)

Mollie's P2a (18 decks)

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