P2a Drug List Flashcards by mollie broadbent

What drug type is Alendronate?

Bisphosphonate

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MOA of Alendronate?

Inhibit RANK-L signalling to osteoclast by osteoblast so reduces bone resorption

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Use of Alendronate?

Osteoporosis, bone malignancy, myeloma, long term steroids

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MOA of Atenolol?

Cardioselective beta-blocker (only inhibits beta-1 on heart)

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Use of Atenolol?

Angina, ACS, arrhytmia (AF, AFL)

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Contraindication of Atenolol?

Absolute asthma

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What drug type is Atracurium?

Muscle relaxant

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MOA of Atracurium?

Competitively binds to cholinergic (muscarinic/nicotinic) receptors at NMJ + inhibits ACh action (M3 ACh antagonist)

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Use of Atracurium?

Surgery

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What drug type is Bendroflumethiazaide?

Thiazide diuretic

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MOA of Bendroflumethiazide?

Inhibits Na-Cl cotransporter in DCT

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Use of Bendroflumethiazide?

Hypertension

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What drug type is Cefuroxime?

3rd generation cephalosporin (beta-lactam)

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Use of Cefuroxime?

UTIs (incl. prostatitis + pyelonephritis), hospital acquired pneumonia

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MOA of Celecoxib?

Selective COX-2 inhibiting NSAID

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Use of Celecoxib?

Pain relief in osteoarthritis, RA, ankylosing spondylitis

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What drug type is Chloramphenicol?

Potent antibiotic

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Use of Chloramphenicol?

Usually eye drops for eye infections

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MOA of Ciclosporin?

Calcineurin inhibitor –> activates T cell response –> causes immunosuppression

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Use of Ciclosporin?

RA, psoriasis, nephrotic syndrome, Crohn’s, dermatitis, + sicca (eye drops)

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What drug is similar to Ciclosporin?

Tacrolimus

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What drug type is Ciprofloxacin?

Fluoroquinolone

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MOA of Ciprofloxacin?

DNA gyrase + topoisomerase inhibition

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Use of Ciprofloxacin?

Many infections (e.g. gram-negative bacteria)

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Components of Co-amoxiclav?

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

MOA of Co-Amoxiclav?

Beta-lactam + beta-lactamase inhibitor so very useful for beta-lactamase producing bacterial strains where amoxicillin alone is insufficient

Use of Co-amoxiclav?

Sinusitis, UTI, skin infection, joint infection, dental infection

What drug type is Diamorphine?

Opioid analgesic 2x stronger than morphine

What is Diamorphine also known as?

Heroin

Use of Diamorphine?

Analgesia but not to use long-term (tolerance, dependance, withdrawal, etc)

What drug type is Dalteparin?

LMWH (low molecular weight heparin)

MOA of Dalteparin?

Inhibits antithrombin II (so an anticoagulant)

Use of Dalteparin?

DVT + PE to prevent risk of MI/stroke (ischaemic)

How is Dobutamine administered?

IV only

MOA of Dobutamine?

Beta1-adrenergic agonist (positively inotropic)

Use of Dobutamine?

Cardiogenic shock, severe heart failure

What drug is similar to Doxazosin?

Tamsulosin

MOA of Doxazosin?

Alpha-adrenergic antagonist (alpha-blocker)

Use of Doxazosin?

Hypertension, pheochromocytoma (+ hypertension crisis, BPH (relax detrusor muscle neck --> easy pee)

Use of Ephedrine?

Nose drops for nasal congestion, prevents low BP during anaesthesia

What drug type is Ephedrine?

Stimulant (found in plants)

MOA of Erythromycin?

Macrolide so inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

What drugs are similar to Erythromycin?

Clarithromycin, azithromycin

Use of Erythromycin?

Community acquired pneumonia, URTI, pertussis, diphteria

What drug type is Ethinylestradiol?

Oestrogen replacement (HRT)

Use of Ethinylestradiol?

Treats postmenopausally reduced oestrogen (which can cause osteoporosis)

What drug type is Furosemide?

Loop diuretic

MOA of Furosemide?

Inhibits NKCC2 transporter in ascending loop of Henle

Use of Furosemide?

Hypertension

What drug type is Ipratropium bromide?

SAM3A

MOA of Ipratropium bromide?

Inhaled M3 antagonist (causes bronchodilation)

Use of Ipratropium bromide?

Asthma

What drug type is Loperamide?

Antimotility agent

Use of Loperamide?

Severe diarrhoea (e.g. IBS)

Contraindications of Loperamide?

Constipation

What drug type is Metformin?

Biguanide

MOA of Metformin?

Increases peripheral sensitivity to insulin

Use of Metformin?

T2DM

SEs of Metformin?

GI upset, anorexia

What drug type is Methotrexate?

DMARD (disease modifying antirheumatic drug)

MOA of Methotrexate?

Folate synthesis inhibition)

Use of Methotrexate?

Mainly: RA, psoriasis Also: Reactive arthritis

Contraindications of Methotrexate?

Pregnancy

What drug type is Oxybutynin?

Antimuscarinic

Uses of Oxybutynin?

Overactive bladder (LUTIs, incontinence)

What drug type is Paracetamol?

Mild analgesic

Uses of Paracetamol?

Fever, mild/moderate pain

SEs of Paracetamol?

Overdoses can be fatal

What drug type is Ramipril?

ACEi

MOA of Ramipril?

Inhibits angiotensin 1 --> angiotensin 2 so decreases aldosterone + ADH

Uses of Ramipril?

Hypertension

SEs of Ramipril?

Hypokalaemia, severe dehydration, AKI, dry cough

MOA of Rifampicin?

RNA polymerase inhibiting antibiotic

Use of Rifampicin?

TB (taken for 6 months)

SEs of Rifampicin?

Red/orange coloured urine + tears

What drug type is Rivaroxaban?

DOAC (direct-acting oral anticoagulant)

MOA of Rivaraoxaban?

Factor Xa inhibitor

Use of Rivaroxaban?

First-line prophylactically for DVT + PE

What drug type is Salmeterol?

LAB2A (inhaled beta-2 agonist)

Uses of Salmeterol?

Used later down the "ladder" of management for asthma + COPD

What is Sildenafil also known as?

Viagra

MOA of Sildenafil?

Potent selective inhibitor of cGMP-specific PDE-5

Use of Sildenafil?

Erectile dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension

MOA of Suxamethonium?

Very rapid acting "depolarising type" neuromuscular function blocking agent so temporary paralysis inducing

Uses of Suxamethonium?

General anaesthesia, tracheal intubation

What type of drug is Tamsulosin?

Alpha-blocker

MOA of Tamsulosin?

Inhibits alpha-adrenergic receptors so relaxes bladder neck to make it easier to wee

Uses of Tamsulosin?

BPH

SEs of Tamsulosin?

Postural hypotension

What drug type is Tramadol?

Synthetic opioid pain reliever

Uses of Tramadol?

Moderate/severe pain

MOA of Tramadol?

Weaker than morphine but acts on opioid receptors in CNS (u receptor)

aspirin - side effects?

GI ulcers

beta blockers - contraindications?

asthma

carbimazole - side effects?

agranulocytosis (used in hyperthyroidism)

carbimazole - contraindications?

pregnancy --> teratogenic (used in hyperthyroidism)

dapagliflozin - side effects?

UTIs (used in T2DM)

gliclazide - side effects?

hypoglycaemia, weight gain (used in T2DM)

metformin - contraindications?

patients with eGFR of <30 ml/min (used in T2DM)

methotrexate - contraindications?

pregnancy --> teratogenic give AZATHIOPRINE instead (used in rheumatoid + psoriatic arthritis)

ramipril - contraindications?

pregnancy --> teratogenic

sodium valproate - contraindications?

pregnancy --> teratogenic (used in generalised epilepsy)

tamsulosin - side effects?

postural hypotension (used in resistant HTN + BPH)