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Mollie's P2a > Mnemonics > Flashcards

Mnemonics Flashcards

1
Q

use of “DUMBELS”?

A

adverse effects of muscarinic agonists

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2
Q

adverse effects of muscarinic agonists?

A

“DUMBELS”
Diarrhoea
Urination
Miosis
Bradycardia
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation / Sweating

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3
Q

use of “ABCDEF”? (pharmacology)

A

adverse drug reactions (ADRs)

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4
Q

adverse drug reactions (ADRs)?

A

“ABCDEF”
Augmented
Bizarre
Chronic
Delayed
End of use
Failure

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5
Q

use of “HAPP-H”

A

DNA viruses

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6
Q

DNA viruses?

A

“HAPP-H”
Herpes viridae
Adenovirus
Parvoviridae
Papoviridae
Hepaviridae

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7
Q

use of “KEEPS”?

A

UTI microorganisms

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8
Q

UTI microorganisms?

A

“KEEPS”
Klebsiella
E.coli (UPEC, uropathogenic E.coli)
Enterococcus
Proteus
Staph saphrotyicus

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9
Q

use of “Sexy Students Can Look Bad Come-morning”?

A

gram positive bacteria

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10
Q

gram positive bacteria?

A

“Sexy Students Can Look Bad Come-morning”
Strep
Staph
Corynebacterium
Listeria
Bacillus
Clostridium

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11
Q

use of “Huge Vaginas Can Never Provide Pleasure”?

A

gram negative bacteria

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12
Q

gram negative bacteria?

A

“Huge Vaginas Can Never Provide Pleasure”
Helicobacter
Vibrio cholera
Coliforms
Neisseria
Parvobacteria
Pseudomonas

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13
Q

use of “BRADYCARDIC”?

A

hypothyroidism symptoms

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14
Q

hypothyroidism symptoms?

A

“BRADYCARDIC”
Bradycardia
Reflexes relax slowly
Ataxia (cerebellar)
Dry, thin hair/nails/skin
Yawning (drowsy/coma)
Cold hands
Ascites
Round puffy face
Defeated demeanor
Immobile / Ileus (no peristalsis)
Cardiac failure

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15
Q

use of “SPASMODIC”?

A

hypoparathyroidism (+ hypocalcemia) symptoms

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16
Q

hypoparathyroidism (+ hypocalcemia) symptoms

A

“SPASMODIC”
Spasms (“trousseau’s sign”)
Perioral paraesthesia
Anxious (+ irritable + irrational)
Seizures
Muscle tone increases in smooth muscles (–> wheeze)
Orientation impaired
Dermatitis
Impetigo herpetiformis (low calcium + pustules in pregnancy)
Chvostek’s sign / Cataracts / Cardiomyopathy

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17
Q

use of “bones, stones, moans, groans”?

A

hyperparathyroidism (+ hypercalcemia) symptoms

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18
Q

hyperparathyroid (+ hypercalcemia) symptoms?

A

“Bones, stones, moans, groans”
Bones - fractures, osteoporosis
Stones - kidney
Moans - abdo pain, constipation
Groans - confusion, depression, etc

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19
Q

use of “EXPLAIN”?

A

causes of hypoglycemia in non-diabetics

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20
Q

causes of hypoglycemia in non-diabetics?

A

“EXPLAIN”
Exogenous drugs (e.g. insulin, oral hypoglycemia)
X
Pituitary insufficiency
Liver failure
Addison’s disease
Islet’s cell tumour / Immune hypoglycemia
Non-pancreatic neoplasm (e.g. fibrosarcoma)

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21
Q

use of “A, B, C, BuDDy, E”?

A

summary of viral hepatitis

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22
Q

summary of viral hepatitis?

A

“A, B, C, BuDDy, E”
A - Acquired by mouth from Anus, Always cleared Acutely, Appears only once
B - Blood-Borne, if not Beaten is Bad
C - usually Chronic but Curable at a Cost
BuDDy - HDV only occurs with HBV
E - Even in England, Eaten (in pigs) if not always beaten

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23
Q

use of “ABC”? (GI + liver)

A

when to consider IBS

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24
Q

when to consider IBS?

A

“ABC”
Abdo pain/discmofort
Bloating
Changed bowel habit

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25
Q

use of “5 Fs”?

A

risk factors for gallstones

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26
Q

risk factors for gallstones?

A

“6 Fs”
Female
Forty (yrs)
Fat
Fertile (pregnant)
Fair
FHx

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27
Q

use of “I GET SMASHED”?

A

potential causes of acute pancreatitis

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28
Q

potential causes of acute pancreatitis?

A

” I GET SMASHED”
Idiopathic

Gallstones (1st most common)
Ethanol (2nd most common)
Trauma

Steroids
Mumps
Autoimmune
Scorpion venom
Hyperlipidaemia
ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography)
Drug (e.g. diuretics, NSAIDs, ACEi)

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29
Q

use of “spikey old CRAB”?

A

classic features of multiple myeloma

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30
Q

classic features of multiple myeloma?

A

“spikey old CRAB”
spikey - M spike (paraprotein)
old - elderly
Calcium raised
Renal failure (Ig deposits in kidneys)
Anaemia
Bone lytic lesions

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31
Q

use of “ABVD”?

A

chemo for Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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32
Q

chemo for Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

“ABVD”
Adriamycin
Bleomycin
Vinblastine
Dacarbazine

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33
Q

use of “R-CHOP”?

A

chemo for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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34
Q

chemo for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

“R-CHOP”
Rituximab (targets CD20 on B cells)
Cyclophosphamide
Hydroxydaunorubicin
Oncovin (aka vincristine)
Prednisolone

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35
Q

use of “RUSHES”?

A

indications for surgery for LUTS

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36
Q

indications for surgery for LUTS?

A

“RUSHES”
Retention
UTIs
Stones
Haematuria
Elevated creatinine (due to bladder outflow obstruction)
Symptoms deteriorate

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37
Q

use of “MONA”?

A

treatment for ACS (acute coronary syndrome)

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38
Q

treatment for ACS (acute coronary syndrome)?

A

“MONA”
Morphine
Oxygen
Nitrogen (GTN spray)
Aspirin

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39
Q

use of “6Ps”?

A

symptoms of PVD (peripheral vascular disease)

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40
Q

symptoms of PVD (peripheral vascular disease)?

A

“6Ps”
Pain
Pallor
Paralysis
Paraesthesia
Pulseless
Perishing cold

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41
Q

use of”ABCDE”? (cardio)

A

CXR findings for heart failure

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42
Q

CXR findings for heart failure?

A

“ABCDE”
Alveolar oedema (“bat wings”)
B lines (“Kerley”)
Cardiomegaly
Dilated upper lobe vessels
Effusion (pleural)

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43
Q

use of “DARTH VADER”?

A

MI (myocardial infarction) complications

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44
Q

MI (myocardial infarction) complications?

A

“DARTH VADER”
Death
Arrhythmia
Rupture
Tamponade
Heart failure

Valve disease
Aneurysm of ventricle
Dressler’s syndrome
Embolism
Recurrence

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45
Q

use of “ARMS”? (cardio)

A

heart sounds for a diastolic murmur

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46
Q

heart sounds for a diastolic murmur?

A

“ARMS”
AR = aortic regurgitation
MS = mitral stenosis

(Remember, “di” from diastolic = you have 2 “ARMS”

47
Q

use of “ASMR”? (cardio)

A

heart sounds for a systolic murmur

48
Q

heart sounds for a systolic murmur?

A

“ASMR”
AS = aortic stenosis
MR = mitral regurgitation

49
Q

use of “SPINEACHE”?

A

symptoms of spondyloarthropathies/ SpA (e.g. psoriatic/reactive/enteric arthtitis, AS)

50
Q

symptoms of spondyloarthropathies/SpA (e.g. psoriatic/reactive/enteric arthritis, AS)?

A

“SPINEACHE”
Sausage digits (dactylitis)
Psoriasis
Inflammatory back pain
NSAID good response
Enthesitis (esp. in heel –> plantar fascitis)
Arthritis
Crohn’s / Colitis / CRP raised
HLA-B27
Eyes (uveitis)

51
Q

use of “can’t wee, can’t see, can’t climb a tree”?

A

signs of reactive arthritis

52
Q

signs of reactive arthritis?

A

“can’t wee, can’t see, can’t climb a tree”
Can’t wee - circinate balanitis
Can’t see - acute anterior uveitis
Can’t climb a tree - enthesitis

53
Q

use of “BT KLP”?

A

cancers that metastasise to bone

54
Q

cancers that metastasise to bone?

A

“BT KLP”
Breast
Thyroid
Kidney
Lung
Prostate

55
Q

use of “CLOT”?

A

effects of aPL (antiphospholipid syndrome)

56
Q

effects of apL (antiphospholipid syndrome)?

A

“CLOT”
Coagulation defect
Livedo reticularis
Obstetric issues
Thrombocytopenia

57
Q

use of “LOSS”?

A

X-ray findings for osteoarthritis

58
Q

X-ray findings for osteoarthritis?

A

“LOSS”
Loss of joint space
Osteophytes
Subarticular sclerosis
Subarticular cysts

59
Q

use of “CREST”?

A

signs of scleroderma (/systemic sclerosis)

60
Q

signs of scleroderma (/systemic sclerosis)?

A

“CREST”
Calcinosis
Raynaud’s
Eosophageal dysmotility/strictures
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia

61
Q

use of “SHATTERED”?

A

risk factors for osteoporosis

62
Q

risk factors for osteoporosis?

A

“SHATTERED”
Steroid use (+ heparin + PPIs)
Hyperthyroidism / Hyperparathyroidism (also Cushing’s)
Alcohol (+ tobacco)
Testosterone decreased
Thin (BMI <22)
Early menopause
Renal/liver failure
Erosive bone disease (e.g. RA)
Dietary Ca decrease/malabsorption / DM (T1)

63
Q

use of “SLUD”?

A

symptoms of OP (organophosporous) insecticide overdose

64
Q

symptoms of OP (organophosphate) insecticide overdose?

A

“SLUD”
Salivation
Lacrimation (tears)
Urination
Diarrhoea

65
Q

use of “FAST”?

A

symptoms of stroke

66
Q

symptoms of stroke?

A

“FAST”
Face weakness
Arm weakness
Slurred speech
Time (to call 999)

67
Q

use of “CHOCOLATE”?

A

migraine triggers

68
Q

migraine triggers?

A

“CHOCOLATE”
Chocolate
Hangover
Orgasm
Cheese
OCP
Lie-in
Alcohol
Tumult (loud noise)
Exercise

69
Q

use of “ABCDE”? (neuro)

A

causes of peripheral neuropathy

70
Q

causes of peripheral neuropathy?

A

“ABCDE”
Alcohol
B12 deficiency
Cancer / CKD
Diabetes / Drugs (i.e. “MANIC PVC”)

71
Q

use of “MANIC PVC”?

A

drugs causing peripheral neuropathy

72
Q

drugs causing peripheral neuropathy?

A

“MANIC PVC”
Metronidazole
Amiodarone
Nitrofurantoin
Isoniazid
Cisplatin

Phenytoin
Vinca alkaloids (i.e. cancer Tx)
Ciprofloxacin

73
Q

use of “WARDS PLC”?

A

causes of mononeuritis multiplex

74
Q

causes of mononeuritis multiplex?

A

“WARDS PLC”
Wegener’s granulomatosis
AIDS / Amyloidosis
RA
DM
Sarcoidosis

Polyarteritis nodosa
Leprosy
Carcinoma

75
Q

use of “LLOAF”?

A

muscles supplied by median nerve (C6-T1) + affected in CTS

76
Q

muscles supplied by median nerve (C6-T1) + affecetd in CTS?

A

“LLOAF”
Lumbrical (lateral)
Lumbrical (lateral)
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

77
Q

use of “BEST”?

A

muscles supplied by radial nerve (C5-T1) + affected in wrist drop?

78
Q

muscles supplied by radial nerve (C5-T1) + affected in wrist drop?

A

“BEST”
Brachioradialis
Extensors
Supinator
Triceps

79
Q

use of “CURB-65”?

A

pneumonia (CAP) severity assessment

80
Q

pneumonia (CAP) severity assessment?

A

“CURB-65”
Confusion
Urea >7 mmol/L
RR >30 mins
BP <90 mmHg systolic or <60 mmHg diastolic
>65 yrs

1 point for each:
0-1 = mild
2 = moderate; admit to hospital
3 = severe; admit to hospital
4-5 = admit to critical care unit

81
Q

use of “RIPE”?

A

treatment for tuberculosis?

82
Q

treatment for tuberculosis?

A

“RIPE”
Rifampicin (6)
Isoniazid (6)
Pyrazinamide (2) –> w/ PYRIDOXINE to minimise neuropathy
Ethambutol (2)

12 months Tx (instead of 6) in CNS TB

83
Q

use of “TAILS”?

A

causes of microcytic anaemia

84
Q

causes of microcytic anaemia?

A

“TAILS”
Thalassaemia
Anaemia of chronic disease
Iron deficiency
Lead poisoning
Sideroblastic

85
Q

use of “FODMAP”?

A

recommended diet for IBS

86
Q

recommended diet for IBS?

A

“FODMAP”
Fermentable
Oligosaccharides
Disaccharides
Monosaccharides
And
Polyols

87
Q

use of “AACD”? (cardio)

A

HTN Tx for <55 yrs + non-Afro-Caribbeans

88
Q

HTN Tx for <55 yrs + non-Afro-Caribbeans?

A

“AACD”
ACEi/ARB
+ CCB
+ DIURETIC (thiazide)
(+ beta-blocker)

89
Q

use of “ECF”? (GI)

A

chemo for gastric cancer

90
Q

chemo for gastric cancer?

A

“ECF”
Epirubicin
Cisplatin
5-Fluorouracil

91
Q

use of “M-VAC”? (renal + urog)

A

chemo for muscle-invasive bladder cancer

92
Q

chemo for muscle-invasive bladder cancer?

A

“M-VAC”
Methotrexate
Vinblastine
Adriamycin
Cisplatin

93
Q

use of “6 D’s”?

A

causes of Fe deficiency anaemia

94
Q

causes of Fe deficiency anaemia?

A

“6 D’s”
Diet = lacking iron
Decreased absorption = diarrhoea, coeliac
Drugs = aspirin, NSAIDs
Donating blood (/ excess venesection)
Drain (blood loss) = menorrhagia, GI bleeding, HOOKWORM!!!
Demands increased = growth, pregnancy

95
Q

use of “DASHING”?

A

symptoms of damaged cerebellum

96
Q

symptoms of damaged cerebellum?

A

“DASHING”
Dysdiadochokinesis
Ataxia
Slurred speech
Hypotonia
Intention tremor
Nystagmus
Gait abnormality

97
Q

use of “DAAMN”?

A

drugs to stop in AKI

98
Q

drugs to stop in AKI?

A

“DAAMN”
Diuretics
ACEi / ARB
Aminoglycosides
Metformin
NSAID

99
Q

use of “SMITH”?

A

common causes of AF

100
Q

common causes of AF?

A

“SMITH”
Sepsis
Mitral valve pathology
IHD
Thyrotoxicosis
HTN

101
Q

use of “ABAL”?

A

1st line HF Tx

102
Q

1st line HF Tx?

A

“ABAL”
ACEi
Beta-blocker
Aldosterone antagonist
Loop diuretic

103
Q

use of “ROPE”?

A

causes of secondary HTN

104
Q

causes of secondary HTN?

A

“ROPE”
Renal disease
Obesity
Pregnancy
Endocrine

105
Q

use of crows “NESTS”?

A

features of Crohn’s

106
Q

features of Crohn’s?

A

crows “NESTS”
No blood/mucus (less common)
Entire GI tract
Skip lesions
Terminal ileum (mostly) / Transmural
Smoking RFx (don’t set nest on fire)

107
Q

use of “CLOSE UP”?

A

features of UC

108
Q

features of UC?

A

“CLOSE UP”
Continuous
Limited to colon + rectum
Only superficial mucosa
Smoking is protective
Excrete blood/mucus
Use aminosalicylates
PSC

109
Q

use of “CRS”?

A

CYP450 inducers (i.e. reduce effect of drug)

110
Q

CYP450 inducers (i.e. reduce effect of drug)?

A

“CRS”
Carbamazepine
Rifampicin
Sulfonylureas

111
Q

use of “VICO”?

A

CYP450 inhibitors (i.e. increase effect of drug)

112
Q

CYP450 inhibitors (i.e. increase effect of drug)?

A

“VICO”
Valproate
Isoniazid
Ciprofloxacin
Omeprazole

113
Q

use of “O SHIT ME”?

A

acute asthma Tx

114
Q

acute asthma Tx?

A

“O SHIT ME”
Oxygen
SABA
Hydrocortisone
Ipratropium bromide (SAMA)
Theophyline
Mg sulfate
Escalate

Mollie's P2a (18 decks)

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